mostrare

Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (a+3)

Simplex Verb form

Example

(259)

Il negoziante mostrò la merce al cliente.

ART.DEF.M.SG

negoziant-e

storekeeper-M.SG

mostr-ò

show-PST.3SG

ART.DEF.F.SG

merc-e

merchandise-F.SG

a-i

to-ART.DEF.M.PL

client-i

customer-M.PL

‘The shopkeeper showed the goods to the customer.’

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Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	SHOW	Coding set	Argument type
1	shower	V.subj	A
2	shown thing	Ø	P
3	showing addressee	a+NP	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission more info	NNever	n
C Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > a+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(267) Le prove vennero mostrate ai giudici dall'avvocato. ‘The evidence was shown to the judges by the lawyer.’ ★
C Conative more info	NNever	y
C Reflexive Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > a+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(265) La merce migliore si mostra solo ai clienti assidui. ‘The best goods are only shown to habitual customers.’ ★
U Locative Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Anticausative (coded) more info	NNever	y
C Indirect/Dative Reflexive more info	NNever	y
U Oblique Subject more info	NNever	n
C Middle Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(498) Anna si mostrò disponibile con tutti. ‘Anne was approachable for everybody.’ ★
C Direct Reciprocal Reflexive more info	–No data	y
U Anticausative (uncoded) more info	NNever	n
C Impersonal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > a+3)	(264) Generalmente si mostra la merce migliore ai clienti. ‘Generally one shows/we/you/they (indef.) show the best goods to customers.’ ★
U Causative more info	RRegularly	n	5 > causV'.subj[5] > 2 (a+3) da+1
C Direct Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(260) Anna si mostra in pubblico con piacere. ‘Anne appears in public with pleasure.’ ★
C Impersonal of Reflexives more info	RRegularly	y		(266) Nelle problematiche sociali ci si mostra passivi. ‘For/With social problems one seems/we/you/they (indef.) seem passive.’ ★
C Impersonal Passive more info	RRegularly	y	siPassV' (a+3) (da+1)	(734) Si è mostrati in pubblico. ‘One is shown in public/We/You/They (indef.) are shown in public.’ ★
U Body part possessor alternation more info	NNever	n
U Possessor-Attribute Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Applicative more info	NNever	n
C Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	1/3 > siV'.subj[1/3] > 2	(268) Anna e Luca si mostrarono le foto di quando erano bambini. ‘Anne and Luke showed each other the pictures of when they were little.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

mostrare

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Example × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Example