strappare

Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (da+3)

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(237)

Luca strappa una pagina dal quaderno.

Luca

Luke

strapp-a

tear-PRS.3SG

un-a

ART.INDF-F.SG

pagin-a

page-F.SG

da-l

from-ART.DEF.M.SG

quadern-o

exercise_book-M.SG

‘Luke is tearing a page from the exercise book.’

★

(666)

Marco strappò la lettera a Luca.

Marco

Mark

strapp-ò

tear-PST.3SG

ART.DEF.F.SG

letter-a

letter-F.SG

Luca

Luke

‘Mark snatched the letter from Luke.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TEAR	Coding set	Argument type
1	tearer	V.subj	A
2	torn thing	Ø	P
3	tearing source	da+NP	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission more info	NNever	n
C Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > passV'.subj[2] (da+3) (daParteDi+1)	(246) La lettera venne strappata dall'insegnant-e. ‘The letter was torn up by the teacher.’ ★
C Conative more info	NNever	y
C Reflexive Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > da+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(244) Le pagine si strappano dai quaderni solo raramente. ‘Only rarely are pages to be torn out of exercise books.’ ★
U Locative Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Anticausative (coded) more info	RRegularly	y	2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > da+3)	(241) I pantaloni si sono strappati. ‘The trousers got torn.’ ★
C Indirect/Dative Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(239) Luca si strappò i capelli per la disperazione. ‘Luke tore out his hair in despair.’ ★
U Oblique Subject more info	NNever	n
C Middle Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(238) Luca si strappò i pantaloni involontariamente. ‘Luke tore his trousers by accident.’ ★
C Direct Reciprocal Reflexive more info	–No data	y
U Anticausative (uncoded) more info	NNever	n
C Impersonal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > da+3)	(243) Si strappano troppe pagine dai quaderni. ‘One tears/We/You/They (indef.) tear too many pages out of one’s/our/your/their exercise books.’ ★
U Causative more info	RRegularly	n	4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (da+3) a+1
C Direct Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Impersonal of Reflexives more info	RRegularly	y		(245) Non ci si strappa i capelli. ‘One does not tear out one’s own hair/We/you/they (indef.) do not tear out our/your/their own hair / We/You/They do not tear out each other’s hair.’ ★
C Impersonal Passive more info	MMarginally	y
U Body part possessor alternation more info	NNever	n
U Possessor-Attribute Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Applicative more info	NNever	n
C Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	1/3 > siV'.subj[1/3] > 2	(240) Anna e Luca si strappano i capelli litigando. ‘Anne and Luke are tearing out each other's hair while quarreling.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

strappare

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples