radere

Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (a+3)

Simplex Verb form

Example

(179)

Il barbiere sta radendo la barba a un cliente.

ART.DEF.M.SG

barbier-e

barber-M.SG

sta

stay.PRS.3SG

rade-ndo

shave-PROG

ART.DEF.F.SG

barb-a

beard-F.SG

ART.INDF.M

client-e

customer-M.SG

‘The barber is shaving a customer’s beard.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	SHAVE (a body part/person)	Coding set	Argument type
1	shaver (of body part)	V.subj	A
2	shaved body part	Ø	P
3	shaved person	a+NP	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Clear filters

Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission more info	RRegularly	n	1 > V'.subj[1] > (a+3)	(183) Il mio barbiere rade con molta accortezza. ‘My barber shaves clients with great care.’ ★
C Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > a+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(531) Le pecore vengono rasate una volta l'anno. ‘Sheep are shorn once a year.’ ★
C Conative more info	NNever	y
C Reflexive Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > a+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(532) La barba si rade con accuratezza. ‘Beards are to be carefully shaved.’ ★ (538) Si viene rasi dal barbiere con accortezza. ‘One is carefully shaved/We/You/They(indef.) are carefully shaved by the barber.’ ★
U Locative Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Anticausative (coded) more info	NNever	y
C Indirect/Dative Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(180) Marco si rade la barba tre volte la settimana. ‘Mark shaves his beard three times a week.’ ★
U Oblique Subject more info	RRegularly	n		(530) Questo rasoio rade alla perfezione. ‘This razor shaves perfectly.’ ★
C Middle Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Direct Reciprocal Reflexive more info	NNever	y
U Anticausative (uncoded) more info	NNever	n
C Impersonal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > a+3)	(533) Generalmente si radono le pecore una volta l'anno. ‘One usually shears/We/You/They(indef.) shear the sheep once a year.’ ★
U Causative more info	RRegularly	n	5 > causV'.subj[5] > 2 (a+3) da+1	(778) Marco fece radere Giovanni. ‘Mark had John shaved.’ ★
C Direct Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(181) Luca si rade ogni mattina. ‘Luke shaves every morning.’ ★
C Impersonal of Reflexives more info	RRegularly	y		(182) Ci si rade ogni mattina. ‘One shaves /We/You/They (indef.) shave every morning.’ ★
C Impersonal Passive more info	RRegularly	y	siPassV' (a+3) (da+1)	(568) Si è rasati dal barbiere. ‘One/we/they(indef.) is/are shaved by the barber.’ ★
U Body part possessor alternation more info	NNever	n
U Possessor-Attribute Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Applicative more info	NNever	n
C Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	1/3 > siV'.subj[1/3] > 2	(535) Marco e Giovanni si radono reciprocamente. ‘Mark and John shave each other.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

radere

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Example × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Example