Coding frames of Italian

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coding frames.

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Coding frame	Alternations	derived	arg_count	#Vs	Verb meanings & Verb forms
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2	–	Basic	2	25	BOIL (tr) (bollire) CLIMB (scalare) COOK (cuocere) DIG (dissotterrare) DRESS (vestire) EAT (mangiare) FEAR (temere) FOLLOW (seguire) FRIGHTEN (spaventare) HEAR (sentire, udire) HELP (aiutare) HUG (abbracciare) KNOW (conoscere) LEAVE (lasciare) LOOK AT (guardare) MEET (incontrare) PEEL (sbucciare) ROLL (tr) (rotolare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) SHOUT AT (sgridare) SMELL (odorare) WANT (volere) WASH (lavare)
B a+1 > V.subj[2] > 2	–	Basic	2	1	LIKE (piacere)
B 1 > V.subj[1] ( > a+2)	–	Basic	2	1	THINK (pensare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 > 3	–	Basic	3	1	NAME (chiamare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (con+3)	–	Basic	3	12	ASSASSINATE (assassinare) BEAT (colpire) BREAK (rompere) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COVER (coprire) CUT (tagliare) FILL (riempire) GRIND (macinare) HIT (urtare) KILL (uccidere) SINK (tr) (affondare) TOUCH (toccare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (a+3)	–	Basic	3	10	ASK FOR (chiedere) BRING (portare) GIVE (dare) HIDE (nascondere) SAY (dire) SEND (inviare) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) SHOW (mostrare) TEACH (insegnare) TELL (raccontare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (di+3)	–	Basic	3	2	BUILD (costruire) MAKE (fare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] ( > LOC2)	–	Basic	2	8	FEEL COLD (avere freddo, sentire freddo) FEEL PAIN (avere dolore, sentire dolore) GO (andare) LIVE (abitare) SIT (sedere) SIT DOWN (sedersi)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 ( > LOC3)	–	Basic	3	5	CARRY (trasportare) POUR (versare) PUSH (spingere) PUT (mettere) THROW (lanciare)
B 1 > V.subj[1]	–	Basic	1	15	APPEAR (apparire) BE DRY (essere arido) BE HUNGRY (avere fame, essere affamato) BE ILL (essere malato) BE SAD (essere triste) BLINK (sbattere le palpebre) COUGH (tossire) CRY (piangere) DIE (morire) FALL (cadere) JUMP (saltare) RUN (correre) SCREAM (urlare) SING (cantare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (da+3)	–	Basic	3	4	CLEAN (pulire) GET (ricevere) TAKE (prendere) TEAR (strappare) WIPE (pulire)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (a+3) (con+4)	–	Basic	4	1	TIE (legare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (su+3)	–	Basic	3	1	LOAD (caricare)
B 1 V.subj[1] (da+2) (per+3)	–	Basic	3	1	LEAVE (partire)
B 1 V.subj[1] (di+2)	–	Basic	2	1	LAUGH (ridere)
B 1 V.subj[1] (con+2)	–	Basic	2	1	PLAY (giocare)
B V	–	Basic	0	1	RAIN (piovere)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	2	25	BOIL (tr) (bollire) CLIMB (scalare) COOK (cuocere) DIG (dissotterrare) DRESS (vestire) EAT (mangiare) FEAR (temere) FOLLOW (seguire) FRIGHTEN (spaventare) HEAR (sentire, udire) HELP (aiutare) HUG (abbracciare) KNOW (conoscere) LEAVE (lasciare) LOOK AT (guardare) MEET (incontrare) PEEL (sbucciare) ROLL (tr) (rotolare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) SHOUT AT (sgridare) SMELL (odorare) WANT (volere) WASH (lavare)
D 1 > V'.subj[1]	Object Omission	Derived	1	9	CLIMB (scalare) DRESS (vestire) EAT (mangiare) HEAR (sentire) HELP (aiutare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) WANT (volere) WASH (lavare)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (LOC3)	Object Omission	Derived	2	1	PUSH (spingere)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (a+3)	Object Omission	Derived	2	4	ASK FOR (chiedere) SAY (dire) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) TEACH (insegnare)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (con+3)	Object Omission	Derived	2	3	BEAT (colpire) GRIND (macinare) KILL (uccidere)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (da+3)	Object Omission	Derived	2	1	CLEAN (pulire) WIPE (pulire)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (di+3)	Object Omission	Derived	2	1	BUILD (costruire)
D 1 V'.subj[1] (su+3)	Object Omission	Derived	2	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	2	25	BOIL (tr) (bollire) CLIMB (scalare) COOK (cuocere) DIG (dissotterrare) DRESS (vestire) EAT (mangiare) FEAR (temere) FOLLOW (seguire) FRIGHTEN (spaventare) HEAR (sentire, udire) HELP (aiutare) HUG (abbracciare) KNOW (conoscere) LEAVE (lasciare) LOOK AT (guardare) MEET (incontrare) PEEL (sbucciare) ROLL (tr) (rotolare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) SHOUT AT (sgridare) SMELL (odorare) WANT (volere) WASH (lavare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	3	5	CARRY (trasportare) POUR (versare) PUSH (spingere) PUT (mettere) THROW (lanciare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > a+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	3	10	ASK FOR (chiedere) BRING (portare) GIVE (dare) HIDE (nascondere) SAY (dire) SEND (inviare) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) SHOW (mostrare) TEACH (insegnare) TELL (raccontare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (a+3) (con+4) (daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	4	1	TIE (legare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (con+3) (daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	3	11	ASSASSINATE (assassinare) BEAT (colpire) BREAK (rompere) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COVER (coprire) CUT (tagliare) FILL (riempire) GRIND (macinare) HIT (urtare) KILL (uccidere) SINK (tr) (affondare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (da+3) (daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	3	4	CLEAN (pulire) GET (ricevere) TAKE (prendere) TEAR (strappare) WIPE (pulire)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (di+3) (daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	3	2	BUILD (costruire) MAKE (fare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] > 3 (daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	3	1	NAME (chiamare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (su+3) (daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	3	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	3	5	CARRY (trasportare) POUR (versare) PUSH (spingere) PUT (mettere) THROW (lanciare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > a+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	3	10	ASK FOR (chiedere) BRING (portare) GIVE (dare) HIDE (nascondere) SAY (dire) SEND (inviare) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) SHOW (mostrare) TEACH (insegnare) TELL (raccontare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] (a+3) (con+4) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	4	1	TIE (legare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	3	10	BEAT (colpire) BREAK (rompere) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COVER (coprire) CUT (tagliare) FILL (riempire) GRIND (macinare) HIT (urtare) KILL (uccidere) TOUCH (toccare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > da+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	3	4	CLEAN (pulire) GET (ricevere) TAKE (prendere) TEAR (strappare) WIPE (pulire)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > di+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	3	2	BUILD (costruire) MAKE (fare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > 3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	3	1	NAME (chiamare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > su+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	3	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] > 3 > di+2	Locative Alternation	Derived	3	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2]	Anticausative (coded)	Derived	1	1	COOK (cuocere)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3)	Anticausative (coded)	Derived	2	1	POUR (versare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > a+3)	Anticausative (coded)	Derived	2	1	HIDE (nascondere)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3)	Anticausative (coded)	Derived	2	5	BREAK (rompere) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COVER (coprire) CUT (tagliare) FILL (riempire)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > da+3)	Anticausative (coded)	Derived	2	1	TEAR (strappare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > su+3)	Anticausative (coded)	Derived	2	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2]	Direct Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	2	18	DRESS (vestire) FEAR (temere) FOLLOW (seguire) FRIGHTEN (spaventare) HEAR (sentire) HELP (aiutare) HUG (abbracciare) KNOW (conoscere) LEAVE (lasciare) LIKE (piacere) LOOK AT (guardare) MEET (incontrare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) SHOUT AT (sgridare) SMELL (odorare) WANT (volere) WASH (lavare)
D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > LOC3)	Direct Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	3	3	CARRY (trasportare) PUSH (spingere) THROW (lanciare)
D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > a+3) ( > con+4)	Direct Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	4	1	TIE (legare)
D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > con+3)	Direct Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	3	6	BEAT (colpire) COVER (coprire) CUT (tagliare) HIT (urtare) KILL (uccidere) TOUCH (toccare)
D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] > 3	Direct Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	3	1	NAME (chiamare)
D 2 > V'.subj[2]	Anticausative (uncoded)	Derived	1	5	BOIL (tr) (bollire) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COOK (cuocere) ROLL (tr) (rotolare) SINK (tr) (affondare)
D siV'	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	0	14	APPEAR (apparire) BE HUNGRY (avere fame, essere affamato) BE ILL (essere malato) BE SAD (essere triste) BLINK (sbattere le palpebre) COUGH (tossire) CRY (piangere) DIE (morire) FALL (cadere) JUMP (saltare) RUN (correre) SCREAM (urlare) SING (cantare)
D siV' ( > a+2)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	1	1	THINK (pensare)
D siV' ( > LOC2)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	1	7	FEEL COLD (avere freddo, sentire freddo) FEEL PAIN (avere dolore, sentire dolore) GO (andare) LIVE (abitare) SIT (sedere)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	1	24	BOIL (tr) (bollire) CLIMB (scalare) COOK (cuocere) DIG (dissotterrare) EAT (mangiare) FEAR (temere) FOLLOW (seguire) FRIGHTEN (spaventare) HEAR (sentire, udire) HELP (aiutare) HUG (abbracciare) KNOW (conoscere) LEAVE (lasciare) LOOK AT (guardare) MEET (incontrare) PEEL (sbucciare) ROLL (tr) (rotolare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) SHOUT AT (sgridare) SMELL (odorare) WANT (volere) WASH (lavare)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > LOC3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	5	CARRY (trasportare) POUR (versare) PUSH (spingere) PUT (mettere) THROW (lanciare)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > a+3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	10	ASK FOR (chiedere) BRING (portare) GIVE (dare) HIDE (nascondere) SAY (dire) SEND (inviare) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) SHOW (mostrare) TEACH (insegnare) TELL (raccontare)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > a+3) ( > con+4)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	3	1	TIE (legare)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > con+3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	12	ASSASSINATE (assassinare) BEAT (colpire) BREAK (rompere) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COVER (coprire) CUT (tagliare) FILL (riempire) GRIND (macinare) HIT (urtare) KILL (uccidere) SINK (tr) (affondare) TOUCH (toccare)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > da+3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	4	CLEAN (pulire) GET (ricevere) TAKE (prendere) TEAR (strappare) WIPE (pulire)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > di+3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	2	BUILD (costruire) MAKE (fare)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > 3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	1	NAME (chiamare)
D siV' ( > con+2)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	1	1	PLAY (giocare)
D siV' (da+2) (per+3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	1	LEAVE (partire)
D siV' (di+2)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	1	1	LAUGH (ridere)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > su+3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 > a+1	Causative	Derived	3	26	BOIL (tr) (bollire) CLIMB (scalare) COOK (cuocere) DIG (dissotterrare) DRESS (vestire) EAT (mangiare) FEAR (temere) FOLLOW (seguire) FRIGHTEN (spaventare) HEAR (sentire, udire) HELP (aiutare) HUG (abbracciare) KNOW (conoscere) LEAVE (lasciare) LIKE (piacere) LOOK AT (guardare) MEET (incontrare) PEEL (sbucciare) ROLL (tr) (rotolare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) SHOUT AT (sgridare) SMELL (odorare) WANT (volere) WASH (lavare)
D 3 > causV'.subj[3] > 1 ( > LOC2)	Causative	Derived	3	8	FEEL COLD (avere freddo, sentire freddo) FEEL PAIN (avere dolore, sentire dolore) GO (andare) LIVE (abitare) SIT (sedere) SIT DOWN (sedersi)
D 3 > causV'.subj[3] > 1	Causative	Derived	2	15	APPEAR (apparire) BE DRY (essere arido) BE HUNGRY (avere fame, essere affamato) BE ILL (essere malato) BE SAD (essere triste) BLINK (sbattere le palpebre) COUGH (tossire) CRY (piangere) DIE (morire) FALL (cadere) JUMP (saltare) RUN (correre) SCREAM (urlare) SING (cantare)
B N/A	–	Basic	0	1	BE A HUNTER (no verbal counterpart)
D 3 > causV'.subj[3] (a+2) a+1	Causative	Derived	3	1	THINK (pensare)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (LOC3) a+1	Causative	Derived	4	5	CARRY (trasportare) POUR (versare) PUSH (spingere) PUT (mettere) THROW (lanciare)
D 5 > causV'.subj[5] > 2 (a+3) da+1	Causative	Derived	4	10	ASK FOR (chiedere) BRING (portare) GIVE (dare) HIDE (nascondere) SAY (dire) SEND (inviare) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) SHOW (mostrare) TEACH (insegnare) TELL (raccontare)
D siPassV' (da+1)	Impersonal Passive	Derived	1	19	CLEAN (pulire) CRY (piangere) DRESS (vestire) FEAR (temere) FOLLOW (seguire) FRIGHTEN (spaventare) GET (ricevere) HEAR (sentire, udire) HELP (aiutare) HUG (abbracciare) KNOW (conoscere) LEAVE (lasciare) LOOK AT (guardare) SEARCH FOR (cercare) SEE (vedere) SHOUT AT (sgridare) SMELL (odorare) WASH (lavare) WIPE (pulire)
D siPassV' (LOC3) (da+1)	Impersonal Passive	Derived	2	3	CARRY (trasportare) PUSH (spingere) PUT (mettere)
D siPassV' (a+3) (da+1)	Impersonal Passive	Derived	2	5	BRING (portare) HIDE (nascondere) SEND (inviare) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) SHOW (mostrare)
D siPassV' (a+3) (con+4) (da+1)	Impersonal Passive	Derived	3	1	TIE (legare)
D siPassV' (con+3) (da+1)	Impersonal Passive	Derived	2	8	ASSASSINATE (assassinare) BEAT (colpire) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COVER (coprire) FILL (riempire) HIT (urtare) KILL (uccidere) TOUCH (toccare)
D siPassV' 3 (da+1)	Impersonal Passive	Derived	2	1	NAME (chiamare)
D siPassV' (su+3) (da+1)	Impersonal Passive	Derived	2	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 5 > causV'.subj[5] > 2 (a+3) (con+4) da+1	Causative	Derived	5	1	TIE (legare)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (con+3) a+1	Causative	Derived	4	12	ASSASSINATE (assassinare) BEAT (colpire) BREAK (rompere) BURN (tr) (bruciare) COVER (coprire) CUT (tagliare) FILL (riempire) GRIND (macinare) HIT (urtare) KILL (uccidere) SINK (tr) (affondare) TOUCH (toccare)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (da+3) a+1	Causative	Derived	4	4	CLEAN (pulire) GET (ricevere) TAKE (prendere) TEAR (strappare) WIPE (pulire)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (di+3) a+1	Causative	Derived	4	2	BUILD (costruire) MAKE (fare)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 > 3 a+1	Causative	Derived	4	1	NAME (chiamare)
D 3 > causV'.subj[3] > 1 ( > con+2)	Causative	Derived	3	1	PLAY (giocare)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 1 (da+2) (per+3)	Causative	Derived	4	1	LEAVE (partire)
D 3 > causV'.subj[3] > 1 (di+2)	Causative	Derived	3	1	LAUGH (ridere)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (su+3) a+1	Causative	Derived	4	1	LOAD (caricare)
D 1 > causV'.subj[1]	Causative	Derived	1	1	RAIN (piovere)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > (a+2) (di+3)	–	Basic	3	1	TALK (parlare)
B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (a+3) (da+4)	–	Basic	4	1	STEAL (rubare)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] (a+3) (da+4)	Object Omission	Derived	3	1	STEAL (rubare)
D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (a+3) (da+4) (daParteDi+1)	Passive	Derived	4	1	STEAL (rubare)
D 1/3 > siV'.subj[1/3] > 2	Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	3	12	ASK FOR (chiedere) BRING (portare) GIVE (dare) HIDE (nascondere) SAY (dire) SEND (inviare) SHAVE (a body part/person) (radere) SHOW (mostrare) TAKE (prendere) TEACH (insegnare) TEAR (strappare) TELL (raccontare)
D 2 > siV'.subj[2] (a+3) (da+4) ( > daParteDi+1)	Reflexive Passive	Derived	4	1	STEAL (rubare)
D siV' (a+2) (di+3)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	2	1	TALK (parlare)
D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > a+3) ( > da+4)	Impersonal Reflexive	Derived	3	1	STEAL (rubare)
D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > a+3)	Direct Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	3	1	HIDE (nascondere)
D 1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2	Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	3	3	COOK (cuocere) PEEL (sbucciare) WASH (lavare)
D 1/3 > siV'.subj[1/3] > 2 ( > da+4)	Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	4	1	STEAL (rubare)
D 1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2 ( > con+3)	Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	4	3	BREAK (rompere) CUT (tagliare) FILL (riempire)
D 1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2 ( > di+3)	Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	4	1	MAKE (fare)
D 1 > V'.subj[1] > 2	Applicative	Derived	2	1	SCREAM (urlare)
D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 1 (a+2) (di+3)	Causative	Derived	4	1	TALK (parlare)
D 5 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (a+3) (da+4) (a+1)	Causative	Derived	5	1	STEAL (rubare)
D 1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2 ( > LOC3)	Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive	Derived	4	4	CARRY (trasportare) POUR (versare) PUT (mettere) THROW (lanciare)

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.