Impersonal of Reflexives C
Description
The corresponding impersonal form of (direct/indirect/reciprocal/middle/inherent) reflexives, with defocusing of the A/S argument, surfacing as ci, the 1st person plural clitic pronoun replacing impersonal si, whereby one finds the [ci si V] pattern instead of the sequence [si si V] (Cennamo 2010, 2011c). Ci marks an indefinite human participant, with variable interpretation (generic or existential/indefinite, optionally comprising the Speech Act Participants, as in the first person plural, inclusive interpretation), according to the temporal reference of the clause and the aspectual nature of the predicate.
Verb meaning | Verb form | Occurs | arg_count | Basic Coding frame | Derived Coding frame | arg_count_derived | example |
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SEE | vedere | RRegularly | 2 |
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FRIGHTEN | spaventare | RRegularly | 2 |
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BURN (tr) | bruciare | RRegularly | 3 |
(50) tu you brucia-v-i burn-IMPF-2SG tutt-a all-F.SG quell-a that-F.SG cartacci-a waste_paper-F.SG ‘You were burning all that waste paper.’ |
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KILL | uccidere | RRegularly | 3 |
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ASSASSINATE | assassinare | NNever | 3 |
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BREAK | rompere | RRegularly | 3 |
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FEAR | temere | RRegularly | 2 |
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EAT | mangiare | RRegularly | 2 |
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LIKE | piacere | RRegularly | 2 |
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BUILD | costruire | RRegularly | 3 |
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CUT | tagliare | RRegularly | 3 |
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LOAD | caricare | RRegularly | 3 |
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ROLL (tr) | rotolare | RRegularly | 2 |
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SINK (tr) | affondare | NNever | 3 |
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HUG | abbracciare | RRegularly | 2 |
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SMELL | odorare | RRegularly | 2 |
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KNOW | conoscere | RRegularly | 2 |
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THINK | pensare | RRegularly | 2 |
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SEARCH FOR | cercare | RRegularly | 2 |
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WASH | lavare | RRegularly | 2 |
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DRESS | vestire | RRegularly | 2 |
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SHAVE (a body part/person) | radere | RRegularly | 3 |
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HELP | aiutare | RRegularly | 2 |
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FOLLOW | seguire | NNever | 2 |
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MEET | incontrare | RRegularly | 2 |
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TALK | parlare | RRegularly | 3 |
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ASK FOR | chiedere | NNever | 3 |
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SHOUT AT | sgridare | RRegularly | 2 |
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TELL | raccontare | RRegularly | 3 |
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SAY | dire | RRegularly | 3 |
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NAME | chiamare | RRegularly | 3 |
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TOUCH | toccare | RRegularly | 3 |
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TAKE | prendere | RRegularly | 3 |
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TEAR | strappare | RRegularly | 3 |
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PEEL | sbucciare | RRegularly | 2 |
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HIDE | nascondere | RRegularly | 3 |
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SHOW | mostrare | RRegularly | 3 |
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GIVE | dare | RRegularly | 3 |
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SEND | inviare | RRegularly | 3 |
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CARRY | trasportare | RRegularly | 3 |
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TIE | legare | RRegularly | 4 |
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PUT | mettere | RRegularly | 3 |
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POUR | versare | RRegularly | 3 |
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COVER | coprire | RRegularly | 3 |
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FILL | riempire | RRegularly | 3 |
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COUGH | tossire | NNever | 1 |
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CLIMB | scalare | NNever | 2 |
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RUN | correre | NNever | 1 |
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SIT | sedere | NNever | 2 |
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SIT DOWN | sedersi | RRegularly | 2 |
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JUMP | saltare | NNever | 1 |
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SING | cantare | RRegularly | 1 |
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GO | andare | NNever | 2 |
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LEAVE | partire | NNever | 3 |
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LEAVE | lasciare | RRegularly | 2 |
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LIVE | abitare | NNever | 2 |
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LAUGH | ridere | NNever | 2 |
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SCREAM | urlare | NNever | 1 |
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HEAR | sentire | RRegularly | 2 |
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FEEL PAIN | sentire dolore | NNever | 2 |
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FEEL COLD | sentire freddo | NNever | 2 |
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FEEL COLD | avere freddo | NNever | 2 |
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FEEL PAIN | avere dolore | NNever | 2 |
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DIE | morire | NNever | 1 |
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BE SAD | essere triste | NNever | 1 |
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BE HUNGRY | avere fame | NNever | 1 |
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BE HUNGRY | essere affamato | NNever | 1 |
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BE DRY | essere arido | NNever | 1 |
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RAIN | piovere | NNever | 0 |
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BE A HUNTER | no verbal counterpart | NNever | 0 | ||||
BEAT | colpire | RRegularly | 3 |
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HIT | urtare | RRegularly | 3 |
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THROW | lanciare | RRegularly | 3 |
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WANT | volere | MMarginally | 2 |
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GET | ricevere | MMarginally | 3 |
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FALL | cadere | NNever | 1 |
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CRY | piangere | NNever | 1 |
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BE ILL | essere malato | NNever | 1 |
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APPEAR | apparire | NNever | 1 |
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DIG | dissotterrare | RRegularly | 2 |
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PLAY | giocare | NNever | 2 |
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BOIL (tr) | bollire | NNever | 2 |
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TEACH | insegnare | RRegularly | 3 |
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PUSH | spingere | RRegularly | 3 |
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MAKE | fare | RRegularly | 3 |
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CLEAN | pulire | RRegularly | 3 |
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GRIND | macinare | RRegularly | 3 |
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BRING | portare | RRegularly | 3 |
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STEAL | rubare | RRegularly | 4 |
(694) il ART.DEF.M.SG ladr-o thief-M.SG rub-ò steal-PST.3SG i ART.DEF.M.PL gioiell-i jewel-M.PL a-lla to-ART.DEF.F.SG signor-a lady-F.SG ‘The thief stole the jewels from the lady.’ |
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BLINK | sbattere le palpebre | NNever | 1 |
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COOK | cuocere | NNever | 2 |
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LOOK AT | guardare | RRegularly | 2 |
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HEAR | udire | NNever | 2 |
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