Examples of Icelandic
Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Konan þakti vegginn með málningu. kona-n woman-the.nom þakti covered vegg-inn wall-the.acc með with málningu paint.dat ‘The woman covered the wall with paint.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Locative Alternation with T.acc +með I.dat |
1 |
(2) Konan þekur málningunni á vegginn. kona-n woman-the.nom þekur covers málningu-nni paint-the.dat á on vegg-inn wall-the.acc ‘The woman smears the paint on the wall.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat á+3-acc |
2 |
(3) Konan breiddi teppið yfir drenginn. kona-n woman-the.nom breiddi covered teppi-ð carpet-the.acc yfir over dreng-inn boy-the.acc ‘The woman pulled the carpet over the boy. / The woman covered the boy with the carpet.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc yfir+3-acc |
3 |
(4) Drengurinn borðaði ávöxtinn. drengur-inn boy-the.nom borðaði ate ávöxt-inn fruit-the.acc ‘The boy ate the fruit.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
4 |
(5) Móðirin faðmaði drenginn. móðir-in mother-the.nom faðmaði hugged dreng-inn boy-the.acc ‘The mother hugged the boy.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
5 |
(6) Strákurinn horfði á stelpuna. strákur-inn boy-the.nom horfði watched á on stelpu-na girl-the.acc ‘The boy watched the girl.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] á+2-acc |
6 |
(7) Drengurinn leit á stúlkuna. drengur-inn boy-the.nom leit looked á at stúlku-na girl-the.acc ‘The boy looked at the girl.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] á+2-acc |
7 |
(8) Strákurinn sá björninn. strákur-inn boy-the.nom sá saw björn-inn bear-the.acc ‘The boy saw the bear.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
8 |
(9) Björninn fann lyktina af stráknum. björn-inn bear-the.nom fann found lykt-ina smell-the.acc af of strák-num boy-the.dat ‘The bear smelled the boy.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] af+2-dat |
9 |
(10) Maðurinn var hræddur við björninn. maður-inn man-the.nom var was hræddur scared.masc við with björn-inn bear-the.acc ‘The man was frightened of the bear.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] við+2-acc |
10 |
(11) Björninn hræddi manninn. björn-inn bear-the.nom hræddi frightened mann-inn man-the.acc ‘The bear frightened the man.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
11 |
(12) Stráknum líkaði nýja leikfangið sitt. strák-num boy-the.dat líkaði liked.3sg nýja new.nom leikfang-ið toy-the.nom sitt his.nom ‘The boy liked his new toy.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V.agr[2] 2-nom |
12 |
(13) Stráknum líkaði við nýja leikfangið sitt. strák-num boy-the.dat líkaði liked við with nýja new.acc leikfang-ið toy-the.acc sitt his.acc ‘The boy liked his new toy.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Prepositional Object alternation |
13 |
(14) Stelpan þekkti strákinn. stelpa-n girl-the.nom þekkti knew strák-inn boy-the.acc ‘The girl knew the boy.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
14 |
(15) Mennirnir leituðu að konunum. mennir-nir men-the.nom leituðu searched að for konum-num women.pl-the.dat ‘The men searched for the women.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
PP vs. Genitive Object |
15 |
(16) Stelpan hugsaði um ömmu sína. stelpa-n girl-the.nom hugsaði thought um about ömmu grandmother.acc sína her.acc ‘The girl thought about her grandmother.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] um+2-acc |
16 |
(17) Mamman þvoði stráknum. mamma-n mother-the.nom þvoði washed strák-num boy-the.dat ‘The mother washed the boy.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat |
17 |
(18) Mamma þvoði strákinn. mamma-n mother-the.nom þvoði washed strák-inn boy-the.acc ‘The mother washed the boy.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Obj.dat vs. Obj.acc |
18 |
(19) Mamman klæddi dóttur sína í. mamma-n mother-the.nom klæddi dressed dóttur daughter.acc sína her.acc í in ‘The mother dressed her daughter.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (í +3-acc) |
19 |
(20) Maðurinn rakaði skeggið á sér. maður-inn man-the.nom rakaði shaved skegg-ið beard-the.acc á on sér self.dat ‘The man shaved his beard.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
20 |
(21) Ég hjálpaði drengjunum. ég I.nom hjálpaði helped drengju-num boys-the.dat ‘I helped the boys.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat |
21 |
(22) Drengirnir eltu stelpurnar. drengir-nir boys-the.nom eltu followed stelpur-nar girls-the.acc ‘The boys followed the girls.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
22 |
(23) Drengirnir fylgdu stelpunum. drengir-nir boys-the.nom fylgdu followed stelpu-num girls-the.dat ‘The boys accompanied the girls.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat |
23 |
(24) Stelpunum fylgdi hávaði. stelpu-num girls-the.dat fylgdi accompanied hávaði noise.nom ‘The girls were accompanied by noise./ Some noise came with the girls.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Nom-Dat vs. Dat-Nom |
24 |
(25) Mennirnir hittu strákana. mennir-nir men-the.nom hittu met stráka-na boys-the.acc ‘The men met the boys.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
25 |
(26) Mennirnir og strákarnir hittust. mennir-nir men-the.nom og and strákar-nir boys-the.nom hittu-st met-refl/rcp ‘The men and the boys met.’ |
★ | MEET |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
26 |
(27) Stelpan talaði við strákinn um hundinn sinn. stelpa-n girl-the.nom talaði talked við with strák-inn boy-the.acc um about hund-inn dog-the.acc sinn her.acc ‘The girl talked to the boy about her dog.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] við-2-acc um+3-acc |
27 |
(28) Strákurinn bað (foreldra sína) um pening. strákur-inn boy-the.nom bað asked foreldra parents.acc sína his.acc um about pening money.acc ‘The boy asked (his parents) for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] (2-acc) um+3-acc |
28 |
(29) Konan hrópaði á börnin. kona-n woman-the.nom hrópaði shouted á on börn-in children-the.acc ‘The woman shouted at the children.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] á+2-acc |
29 |
(30) Stelpan sagði stráknum skrítna sögu. stelpa-n girl-the.nom sagði told strák-num boy-the.dat skrítna funny.acc sögu story.acc ‘The girl told the boy a funny story.’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat 3-acc |
30 |
(31) Stelpan sagði "nei" við hann. stelpa-n girl-the.nom sagði said nei no við with hann him.acc ‘The girl said "no" to him.’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] UTT2 við+3-acc |
31 |
(32) Foreldrarnir kölluðu barnið Önnu. foreldrar-nir parents-the.nom kölluðu called barn-ið child-the.acc Önnu Anna.acc ‘The parents named the child Anna.’ |
★ | NAME |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc 3-acc |
32 |
(33) Foreldarnir nefndu barnið Önnu. foreldar-nir parents-the.nom nefndu named barn-ið child-the.acc Önnu Anna.acc ‘The parents named the child Anna.’ |
★ | NAME |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc 3-acc |
33 |
(34) Mennirnir byggðu hús úr tré. mennir-nir men-the.nom byggðu built hús house.acc úr out_of tré wood.dat ‘The men built a house from wood.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (úr+3-dat) |
34 |
(35) Strákurinn braut rúðuna með steini. strákur-inn boy-the.nom braut broke rúðu-na glass-the.acc með with steini stone.dat ‘The boy broke the window with a stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) |
35 |
(36) Rúðan brotnaði. rúða-n glass-the.nom brotnaði broke ‘The window broke.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive alternation with umlaut and -na |
36 |
(37) Maðurinn drap óvin sinn með kylfu. maður-inn man-the.nom drap killed óvin enemy.acc sinn his.acc með with kylfu club.dat ‘The man killed his enemy with a club.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) |
37 |
(38) Maðurinn deyddi óvin sinn með kylfu. maður-inn man-the.nom deyddi killed óvin enemy.acc sinn his.acc með with kylfu club.dat ‘The man killed his enemy with a club.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) |
38 |
(39) Óvinurinn dó. óvinur-inn enemy-the.nom dó died ‘The enemy died.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive alt. with -ja |
39 |
(40) Strákurinn lamdi snákinn með priki. strákur-inn boy-the.nom lamdi beat snák-inn snake-the.acc með with priki stick.dat ‘The boy beat the snake with a stick.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) |
40 |
(41) Strákurinn sló snákinn með priki. strákur-inn boy-the.nom sló hit snák-inn snake-the.acc með with priki stick.dat ‘The boy hit the snake with a stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) |
41 |
(42) Strákurinn snerti snákinn. strákur-inn boy-the.nom snerti touched snák-inn snake-the.acc ‘The boy touched the snake.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
42 |
(43) Konan sker brauðið með beittum hníf. kona-n woman-the.nom sker cuts brauð-ið bread-the.acc með with beittum sharp.dat hníf knife.dat ‘The woman cuts the bread with a sharp knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) |
43 |
(44) Hárgreiðslukonan klippti hárið á konunni. hárgreiðslukona-n hairdresser-the.nom klippti cut hár-ið hair-the.acc á on konu-nni woman-the.dat ‘The hairdresser cut the woman's hair.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
44 |
(45) Stelpan reif blaðsíðu úr bókinni. stelpa-n girl-the.nom reif tore blaðsíðu page.acc úr out_of bók-inni book-the.dat ‘The girl tore a page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (úr+3-dat) |
45 |
(46) Maðurinn tók peningana af vini sínum. maður-inn man-the.nom tók took peninga-na money-the.acc af off vini friend.dat sínum his.dat ‘The man took the money off his friend.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc af+3-dat |
46 |
(47) Hann tók við peningunum frá vini sínum. hann he.nom tók took við with peningu-num money-the.dat frá from vini friend.dat sínum his.dat ‘He took the money from his friend./ He accepted the money that his friend offered him.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Prepositional Object alternation |
47 |
(48) Hann tók börkinn af prikinu. hann he.nom tók took börk-inn bark-the.acc af off prik-inu stick-the.dat ‘He peeled the bark off the stick.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc af+3-dat |
48 |
(49) Strákurinn faldi froskinn fyrir mömmu sinni. strákur-inn boy-the.nom faldi hid frosk-inn frog-the.acc fyrir for mömmu mother.dat sinni his.dat ‘The boy hid the frog from his mother.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (fyrir+3-dat) |
49 |
(50) Stelpan sýndi kennaranum myndir. stelpa-n girl-the.nom sýndi showed kennara-num teacher-the.dat myndir pictures.acc ‘The girl showed some pictures to the teacher.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat 3-acc |
50 |
(51) Við gáfum börnunum bækurnar. við we.nom gáfum gave börnu-num children-the.dat bækur-nar books-the.acc ‘We gave the books to the children (as a gift).’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat 3-acc |
51 |
(52) Við réttum börnunum bækurnar. við we.nom réttum handed börnu-num children-the.dat bækur-nar books-the.acc ‘We handed the books to the children.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat 3-acc |
52 |
(53) Við réttum bækurnar til barnanna. við we.nom réttum handed bækur-nar books-the.acc til to barna-nna children-the.gen ‘We offered the books to the children. / We handed the books over to the children.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Dative alternation (PP) |
53 |
(54) Stelpan sendi blómin til ömmu sinnar. stelpa-n girl-the.nom sendi sent blóm-in flowers-the.acc til to ömmu grandmother.gen sinnar hers.gen ‘The girl sent the flowers to her grandmother.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc til+3-gen |
54 |
(55) Stelpan sendi ömmu sinni blómin. stelpa-n girl-the.nom sendi sent ömmu grandmother.dat sinni her.dat blóm-in flowers-the.acc ‘The girl sent her grandmother the flowers.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Dative alternation (Dat-Acc) |
55 |
(56) Maðurinn bar kassana á markaðinn. maður-inn man-the.nom bar carried kassa-na boxes-the.acc á on markað-inn market-the.acc ‘The man carried the boxes to the market.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc á+3-acc |
56 |
(57) Strákurinn kastaði boltanum inn um gluggann. strákur-inn boy-the.nom kastaði threw bolta-num ball-the.dat inn in um through glugga-nn window-the.acc ‘The boy threw the ball into the window.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat LOC3 |
57 |
(58) Maðurinn batt hestinn með reipi við tréð. maður-inn man-the.nom batt tied hest-inn horse-the.acc með with reipi rope.dat við with tré-ð tree-the.acc ‘The man tied the horse with a rope to the tree.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) (við+4-acc) |
58 |
(59) Ég setti bollann á borðið. ég I.nom setti put bolla-nn cup-the.acc á on borð-ið table-the.acc ‘I put the cup on the table.’ |
★ | PUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc LOC3 |
59 |
(60) Maðurinn hellti vatni í glasið. maður-inn man-the.nom hellti poured vatni water.dat í in glas-ið glass-the.acc ‘The man poured water into the glass.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat LOC3 |
60 |
(61) Hann hellti glasið fullt með vatni. hann he.nom hellti poured glas-ið glass-the.acc fullt full með with vatni water.dat ‘He filled the glass with water.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Locative Alternation with T.acc +með I.dat |
61 |
(62) Stelpan fyllti glasið af vatni. stelpa-n girl-the.nom fyllti filled glas-ið glass-the.acc af of vatni water.dat ‘The girl filled the glass with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (af+3-dat) |
62 |
(63) Bóndinn hlóð heyi á vörubílinn. bónd-inn farmer-the.nom hlóð loaded heyi hay.dat á on vörubíl-inn truck-the.acc ‘The farmer loaded hay onto the truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat á+3-acc |
63 |
(64) Bóndinn hlóð vörubílinn með heyi. bónd-inn farmer-the.nom hlóð loaded vörubíl-inn truck-the.acc með with heyi hay.dat ‘The farmer loaded the truck with hay.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Locative Alternation with T.acc +með I.dat |
64 |
(65) Ég blikkaði augunum. ég I.nom blikkaði blinked augu-num eyes-the.dat ‘I blinked my eyes.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
65 |
(66) Ég blikkaði hana. ég I.nom blikkaði blinked hana her.acc ‘I winked at her.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Transitive from intransitive |
66 |
(67) Gamli maðurinn hóstaði. gamli old.nom maður-inn man-the.nom hóstaði coughed ‘The old man coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] (2-dat) |
67 |
(68) Loksins hóstaði hann þessu upp úr sér. loksins finally hóstaði coughed hann he.nom þessu this.dat upp up úr out_of sér self.dat ‘Finally, he coughed it up.’ |
★ | COUGH |
an Alternation:
Caused-motion from intransitive |
68 |
(69) Maðurinn klifraði (upp) tréð. maður-inn man-the.nom klifraði climbed upp up tré-ð tree-the.acc ‘The man climbed (up) the tree.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
69 |
(70) Hesturinn hleypur. hestur-inn horse-the.nom hleypur runs ‘The horse is running.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
70 |
(71) Börnin sátu á gólfinu. börn-in children-the.nom sátu sat á on gólf-inu floor-the.dat ‘The children sat on the floor.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] (LOC2) |
71 |
(72) Börnin settust á bekkinn. börn-in children-the.nom settu-st sat-refl/rcp á on bekk-inn bench-the.acc ‘The children sat down on the bench.’ |
★ | SIT DOWN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] (LOC2) |
72 |
(73) Stelpan hoppaði. stelpa-n girl-the.nom hoppaði jumped ‘The girl jumped.’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
73 |
(74) Strákurinn söng (lag). strákur-inn boy-the.nom söng sang lag song.acc ‘The boy sang (a song).’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
74 |
(75) Hann söng henni lítið ljóð. hann he.nom söng sang henni her.dat lítið litte.acc ljóð poem.acc ‘He sang her a little song.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Dative alternation (Dat-Acc) |
75 |
(76) Konan fór á markaðinn. kona-n woman-the.nom fór went á on markað-inn market-the.acc ‘The woman went to the market.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] (á+2-acc) |
76 |
(77) Strákurinn yfirgaf þorpið. strákur-inn boy-the.nom yfirgaf left þorp-ið village-the.acc ‘The boy left the village.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
77 |
(78) Gamla fólkið býr í bænum. gamla old.nom fólk-ið people-the.nom býr live í in bænum town ‘The old people live in town.’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] í+2-dat |
78 |
(79) Litla stelpan hló. litla little.nom stelpa-n girl-the.nom hló laughed ‘The little girl laughed.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
79 |
(80) Bátinn rak. bát-inn boat-the.acc rak drifted ‘The boat drifted.’ |
★ | DRIVE OUT |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
80 |
(81) Mér er illt í hendinni. mér I.dat er is.3sg illt ill.neut í in hendi-nni hand-the.dat ‘I’m feeling pain in my arm.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V (í+2-dat) |
81 |
(82) Maðurinn öskraði. maður-inn man-the.nom öskraði screamed ‘The man screamed.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
82 |
(83) Okkur sækir syfja. okkur we.acc sækir fetches syfja sleepiness.nom ‘We feel sleepy.’ |
★ | FEEL SLEEPY |
a Coding frame:
1-acc V |
83 |
(84) Mig dreymdi ömmu. mig me.acc dreymdi dreamed ömmu grandmother.acc ‘I dreamed of grandma.’ |
★ | DREAM |
a Coding frame:
1-acc V 2-acc |
84 |
(85) Mér er kalt. mér I.dat er is.3sg kalt cold.neu ‘I’m cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V |
85 |
(86) Snákurinn dó. snákur-inn snake-the.nom dó died ‘The snake died.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
86 |
(87) Barnið leikur sér. barn-ið child-the.nom leikur plays sér self.dat ‘The child is playing.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
87 |
(88) Litla stelpan var sorgmædd. litla little.nom stelpa-n girl-the.nom var was sorgmædd sad.fem ‘The little girl was sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
88 |
(89) Barnið er svangt. barn-ið baby-the.nom er is svangt hungry.neut ‘The baby is hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
89 |
(90) Barnið hungrar. barn-ið child-the.acc hungrar hungers ‘The child is hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
1-acc V |
90 |
(91) Boltinn rúllar. bolt-inn ball-the.nom rúllar rolls ‘The ball is rolling.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
91 |
(92) Ég rúllaði vagninum niður brekkuna. ég I.nom rúllaði rolled vagni-num wagon-the.dat niður down brekku-na hill-the.acc ‘I rolled the wagon down the hill.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Caused-motion from intransitive |
92 |
(93) Báturinn sökk. bátur-inn boat-the.nom sökk sank ‘The boat sank.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
93 |
(94) Ég sökkti bátnum. ég I.nom sökkti sank bát-num boat-the.dat ‘I sank the boat.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive with conjugation variation |
94 |
(95) Ég rak hann út. ég I.nom rak drove hann him.acc út out ‘I drove him out.’ |
★ | DRIVE OUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
95 |
(96) Húsið brennur. húsi-ð house-the.nom brennur burns ‘The house is burning.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
96 |
(97) Ég brenndi húsið. ég I.nom brenndi burned húsi-ð house-the.acc ‘I burned the house.’ |
★ | BURN |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive with conjugation variation |
97 |
(98) Jörðin er þurr. jörð-in ground-the.nom er is þurr dry.fem ‘The ground is dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
98 |
(99) Það rigndi. það it.nom rigndi rained ‘It rained.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
V |
99 |
(100) Hann rigndi. hann he.nom rigndi rained ‘It rained.’ |
★ | RAIN |
an Alternation:
It–he alternation |
100 |
(101) Þjófurinn stal peningum frá gömlu konunni. þjófur-inn thief-the.nom stal stole peningum money.dat frá from gömlu old.dat konu-nni woman-the.dat ‘The thief stole money from the old lady.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat (frá+3-dat) |
101 |
(102) Strákurinn heyrði í birninum. strákur-inn boy-the.nom heyrði heard í in birni-num bear-the.dat ‘The boy heard the bear.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] í+2-dat |
102 |
(103) Vatnið sýður. vatn-ið water-the.nom sýður boils ‘The water is boiling.’ |
★ | BOIL (tr) |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive |
103 |
(104) Ég sýð vatnið. ég I.nom sýð boil vatn-ið water-the.acc ‘I boil the water.’ |
★ | BOIL (tr) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
104 |
(105) Hann er veikur. hann he.nom er is veikur sick.masc ‘He is sick.’ |
★ | BE ILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
105 |
(106) Mér er óglatt. mér I.dat er is óglatt sick.neut ‘I feel sick.’ |
★ | FEEL SICK |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V |
106 |
(107) Mér barst pakki (frá mömmu). mér I.dat barst received pakki package.nom frá from mömmu mother.dat ‘I got a package (from mom).’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V.agr[2] 2-nom (frá+3-dat) |
107 |
(108) Maðurinn bað konunnar. maður-inn man-the.nom bað asked konu-nnar woman-the.gen ‘The man proposed to the woman.’ |
★ | PROPOSE (a marriage) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-gen |
108 |
(109) Mig fýsir þess. mig me.acc fýsir urge þess that.gen ‘I'm eager for that.’ |
★ | LONG FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-acc V 2-gen |
109 |
(110) Bátnum hvolfdi. bát-num boat-the.dat hvolfdi capsized ‘The boat capsized.’ |
★ | CAPSIZE |
an Alternation:
Dative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
110 |
(111) Ég hvolfdi bátnum. ég I.nom hvolfdi capsized bát-num boat-the.dat ‘I capsized the boat.’ |
★ | CAPSIZE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat |
111 |
(112) Honum skrikaði fótur. honum him.dat skrikaði lost fótur foot.nom ‘He stumbled.’ |
★ | STUMBLE |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V |
112 |
(113) Þess getur í gömlum bókum. þess it.gen getur mentions í in gömlum old.dat bókum books.dat ‘It says in old books. / It is mentioned in old books.’ |
★ | SAY (impersonal) |
an Alternation:
Genitive Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
113 |
(114) Hans varð vart í sveitinni. hans he.gen varð became vart aware í in sveit-inni province-the.dat ‘He made his presence known in the province.’ |
★ | MAKE ONE'S PRESENCE KNOWN |
a Coding frame:
1-gen V |
114 |
(115) Þess er þörf. þess it.gen er is þörf need.nom ‘It is needed.’ |
★ | BE NEEDED |
a Coding frame:
1-gen V |
115 |
(116) Málningin þekur vel. málning-in paint-the.nom þekur covers vel well ‘The paint covers well. / The paint has good covering qualities.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Middle |
116 |
(117) Teppið þvæst vel. teppi-ð carpet-the.nom þvæ-st washes-refl/rcp vel easily ‘The carpet washes easily.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
117 |
(118) Barnið nefnist Anna. barn-ið child-the.nom nefni-st calls-refl/rcp Anna Anna.nom ‘The child is named Anna.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
118 |
(119) Barnið kallast Anna. barn-ið child-the.nom kalla-st calls-refl/rcp Anna Anna.nom ‘The child is called Anna.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
119 |
(120) Borgin byggist upp smám saman. borg-in city-the.nom byggist builds.refl/rcp upp up smám little_by saman little ‘The city is built up gradually. / The city arises gradually.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
120 |
(121) Óvinurinn drapst. óvinur-inn enemy-the.nom drapst killed.refl/rcp ‘The enemy died.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
121 |
(122) Strákarnir slógust. strákar-nir boys-the.nom slógu-st hit-refl/rcp ‘The boys fought.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
122 |
(123) Þau snertust. þau they.nom snertu-st touched-refl/rcp ‘They touched each other.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
123 |
(124) Brauðið skarst í tvennt. brauð-ið bread-the.nom skar-st cut-refl/rcp í in tvennt two ‘The bread cut into two pieces.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
124 |
(125) Blaðsíðan rifnaði úr bókinni. blaðsíða-n page-the.nom rifnaði tore úr out_of bók-inni book-the.dat ‘The page got torn from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive alternation with umlaut and -na |
125 |
(126) Pakkinn sendist aftur til sendanda. pakk-inn package-the.nom sendi-st send-refl/rcp aftur again til to sendanda sender.gen ‘The package should be sent back to sender.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
126 |
(127) Boltinn kastaðist til og frá. bolt-inn ball-the.nom kastaði-st threw-refl/rcp til to og and frá from ‘The ball bounced back and forth.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
127 |
(128) Þau bundust hvort öðru. þau they.nom bundu-st tied-refl/rcp hvort each öðru other.dat ‘They committed to each other.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
128 |
(129) Þau settust. þau they.nom settu-st sat-refl/rcp ‘They sat down. (lit. They sat themselves).’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
Reflexive (mediopassive form) |
129 |
(130) Mjólkin helltist niður. mjólk-in milk-the.nom hellti-st poured-refl/rcp niður down ‘The milk poured down.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
130 |
(131) Glasið fylltist. glas-ið glass-the.nom fyllti-st filled-refl/rcp ‘The glass got full.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
131 |
(132) Heyið hleðst upp. hey-ið hay-the.nom hleð-st loads-refl/rcp upp up ‘The hay piles up.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
132 |
(133) Slímið hóstaðist upp. slím-ið mucus-the.nom hóstaði-st coughed-refl/rcp upp up ‘The mucus got coughed up.’ |
★ | COUGH |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
133 |
(134) Teygjan rúllaðist upp. teygja-n rubber_band-the.nom rúllaði-st rolled-refl/rcp upp up ‘The rubber band rolled up.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
134 |
(135) Hún brenndist á puttunum. hún she.nom brenndi-st burned-refl/rcp á on puttu-num fingers-the.dat ‘She got her fingers burned. /lit. She burns herself on the finger.’ |
★ | BURN (tr) |
an Alternation:
Reflexive (mediopassive form) |
135 |
(136) Röddin heyrist mjög vel. rödd-in voice-the.nom heyri-st hears-refl/rcp mjög very vel well ‘The voice is easily heard.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
136 |
(137) Kartöflur sjóðast vel. kartöflur potatoes.nom sjóða-st boil-refl/rcp vel well ‘Potatoes boil well.’ |
★ | BOIL (tr) |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
137 |
(138) Sumir bátar hvolfast betur en aðrir. sumir some.nom bátar boats.nom hvolfa-st capsize-refl/rcp betur better en than aðrir others ‘Some boats turn upside down more easily than others. / Some boats get capsized better than others.’ |
★ | CAPSIZE |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
138 |
(139) Veggurinn var þakinn. veggur-inn wall-the.nom var was þakinn covered ‘The wall was covered.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
139 |
(140) Teppið var breitt yfir manninn. teppi-ð blanket-the.nom var was breitt covered yfir over mann-inn man-the.acc ‘The blanket covered the man. / The man was covered by the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
140 |
(141) Ávöxturinn var borðaður. ávöxtur-inn fruit-the.nom var was borðaður eaten ‘The fruit was eaten.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
141 |
(142) Drengurinn var faðmaður. drengur-inn boy-the.nom var was faðmaður hugged ‘The boy was hugged.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
142 |
(143) Það var horft á stelpuna. það it var was horft watched á on stelpu-na girl-the.acc ‘The girl was being watched.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
143 |
(144) Það var litið á stelpuna. það it var was litið looked á at stelpu-na girl-the.acc ‘The girl was being looked at.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
144 |
(145) Björninn sást í skóginum. björn-inn bear-the.nom sá-st see-refl/rcp í in skógi-num woods-the.dat ‘The bear was seen in the woods.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
145 |
(146) Lyktin fannst af birninum. lykt-in smell-the.nom fann-st felt-refl/rcp af of birni-num bear-the.dat ‘One could feel the smell of the bear.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
146 |
(147) Maðurinn hræðist björninn. maður-inn man-the.nom hræði-st fears-refl/rcp björn-inn bear-the.acc ‘The man fears the bear.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
147 |
(148) Maðurinn var hræddur til þess að ... maður-inn man-the.nom var was hræddur scared.masc til in_order þess it.gen að to ‘The man was frightened (in order) to ...’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
148 |
(149) Strákurinn þekkist á hárinu. strákur-inn boy-the.nom þekki-st know-refl/rcp á on hár-inu hair-the.dat ‘The boy is recognizable because of his hair.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
149 |
(150) Það var leitað að honum. það it var was leitað looked að for honum him.dat ‘He was looked for.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
150 |
(151) Ég leitaði hans lengi. ég I.nom leitaði looked hans he.gen lengi long ‘I looked for him for a long time.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
PP vs. Genitive Object |
151 |
(152) Hans var leitað lengi. hans he.gen var was leitað looked lengi long ‘He was looked for for a long time.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Genitive Passive |
152 |
(153) Það var hugsað um fréttina. það it var was hugsað thought um about frétt-ina news-the.acc ‘People thought about this new news item.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
153 |
(154) Strákurinn var þveginn. strákur-inn boy-the.nom var was þveginn washed ‘The boy was (being) washed.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
154 |
(155) Hann klæddist alltaf fallegum fötum. hann he.nom klæddi-st wore-refl/rcp alltaf always fallegum beautiful.dat fötum clothes.dat ‘He always wore beautiful clothes. /lit. He dresses himself in beautiful clothes.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Reflexive (mediopassive form) |
155 |
(156) Hún var klædd í fallega kápu. hún she.nom var was klædd dressed í in fallega beautiful.dat kápu coat.dat ‘She was dressed in a beautiful coat.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
156 |
(157) Hann var rakaður. hann he.nom var was rakaður shaved ‘He was shaved.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
157 |
(158) Honum var hjálpað. honum him.dat var was hjálpað helped ‘He was helped.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
158 |
(159) Stelpurnar voru eltar. stelpur-nar girls-the.nom voru were eltar followed ‘The girls were followed.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
159 |
(160) Stelpunum var fylgt á leið. stelpu-num girls-the.dat var was fylgt followed á on leið way ‘The girls were taken part of the way.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
160 |
(161) Það var talað við strákinn. það it var was talað talked við with strák-inn boy-the.acc ‘The boy was talked with.’ |
★ | TALK |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
161 |
(162) Það var beðið um bókina. það it var was beðið asked um about bók-ina book-the.acc ‘The book was asked for.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
162 |
(163) Foreldrarnir voru beðnir um bókina. foreldrar-nir parents-the.nom voru were beðnir asked um about bók-ina book-the.acc ‘The parents were asked for the book.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
163 |
(164) Það var hrópað á börnin. það it var was hrópað shouted á at börn-in children-the.acc ‘The children were shouted at.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
164 |
(165) Sagan var sögð aftur og aftur. saga-n story-the.nom var was sögð said aftur again og and aftur again ‘The story was told again and agian.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
165 |
(166) Honum var sögð sagan aftur og aftur. honum him.dat var was sögð said saga-n story-the.nom aftur again og and aftur again ‘He was told the story again and again.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
166 |
(167) Stúlkan var nefnd Anna. stúlka-n girl-the.nom var was nefnd named Anna Anna ‘The girl was named Anna.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
167 |
(168) Stúlkan var kölluð Anna. stúlka-n girl-the.nom var was kölluð called Anna Anna ‘The girl was called Anna.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
168 |
(169) Húsið var byggt. hús-ið house-the.nom var was byggt built ‘The house was built.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
169 |
(170) Rúðan var brotin. rúða-n glass-the.nom var was brotin broken ‘The window glass was broken.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
170 |
(171) Óvinurinn var drepinn. óvinur-inn enemy-the.nom var was drepinn killed ‘The enemy was killed.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
171 |
(172) Snákurinn var laminn. snákur-inn snake-the.nom var was laminn beaten ‘The snake was beaten.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
172 |
(173) Snákurinn var sleginn. snákur-inn snake-the.nom var was sleginn hit ‘The snake was hit.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
173 |
(174) Snákurinn var snertur. snákur-inn snake-the.nom var was snertur touched ‘The snake was touched.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
174 |
(175) Brauðið var skorið. brauð-ið bread-the.nom var was skorið cut ‘The bread was cut.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
175 |
(176) Puttinn á afa klipptist af. putt-inn finger-the.nom á on afa grandpa klippti-st cut-refl/rcp af off ‘Grandpa's finger got cut off.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
176 |
(177) Hárið var klippt. hár-ið hair-the.nom var was klippt cut ‘The hair was cut.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
177 |
(178) Blaðsíðan var rifin úr bókinni. blaðsíða-n page-the.nom var was rifin torn úr out_of bóki-nni book-the.dat ‘The page was torn out of the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
178 |
(179) Peningarnir voru teknir. peningar-nir money-the.nom voru were teknir taken ‘The money was taken.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
179 |
(180) Froskurinn var falinn. froskur-inn frog-the.nom var was falinn hidden ‘The frog was hidden.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
180 |
(181) Kennaranum voru sýndar myndir. kennara-num teacher-the.dat voru were sýndar shown myndir pictures.nom ‘The teacher was shown pictures.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
181 |
(182) Myndirnar voru sýndar. myndir-nar pictures-the.nom voru were sýndar shown ‘The pictures were shown.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
182 |
(183) Börnunum voru gefnar bækurnar. börnu-num children-the.dat voru were gefnar given bækur-nar books-the.nom ‘The children were given the books.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
183 |
(184) Bækurnar voru gefnar. bækur-nar books-the.nom voru were gefnar given ‘The books were given.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
184 |
(185) Börnunum voru réttar bækurnar. börnu-num children-the.dat voru were réttar handed bækur-nar books-the.nom ‘The children were given the books.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
185 |
(186) Bækurnar voru réttar Sveini. bækur-nar books-the.nom voru were réttar handed Svein-i Svein-dat ‘The books were handed to Sveinn.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
186 |
(187) Ömmu voru send blóm. ömmu grandmother.dat voru were send sent blóm flowers.nom ‘Grandma was sent flowers.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
187 |
(188) Blómin voru send til ömmu. blóm-in flowers-the.nom voru were send sent til to ömmu grandmother.gen ‘The flowers were sent to grandma.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
188 |
(189) Kassarnir voru bornir á markaðinn. kassar-nir boxes-the.nom voru were bornir carried á on markað-inn market-the.acc ‘The boxes were carried to the market.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
189 |
(190) Boltanum var kastað. bolta-num ball-the.dat var was kastað thrown ‘The ball was thrown.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
190 |
(191) Hesturinn var bundinn með reipi. hestur-inn horse-the.nom var was bundinn tied með with reipi rope.dat ‘The horse was tied with a rope.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
191 |
(192) Bollinn var settur á borðið. boll-inn cup-the.nom var was settur put á on borð-ið table-the.acc ‘The cup was put on the table.’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
192 |
(193) Mjólkinni var hellt niður. mjólk-inni milk-the.dat var was hellt poured niður down ‘The milk was poured down.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
193 |
(194) Glasið var fyllt með vatni. glas-ið glass-the.nom var was fyllt filled með with vatni water.dat ‘The glass was filled with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
194 |
(195) Vörubíllin var hlaðinn heyi. vörubíll-in truck-the.nom var was hlaðinn loaded heyi hay.dat ‘The truck was loaded with hay.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
195 |
(196) Augunum var blikkað. augu-num eyes-the.dat var was blikkað blinked ‘The eyes were blinked.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
196 |
(197) Stelpan var blikkuð. stelpa-n girl-the.nom var was blikkuð blinked ‘The girl was winked at.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
197 |
(198) Slíminu var hóstað upp. slím-inu mucus-the.dat var was hóstað coughed upp up ‘The mucus was coughed up.’ |
★ | COUGH |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
198 |
(199) Það var klifrað upp tréð. það it var was klifrað climbed upp up tré-ð tree-the.acc ‘The tree was climbed.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
199 |
(200) Það var hlaupið. það it var was hlaupið ran ‘They did some running. / They ran.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
200 |
(201) Það var setið lengi. það it var was setið sat lengi long ‘They sat for a long time.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
201 |
(202) Það var hoppað. það it var was hoppað jumped ‘They jumped. / Some jumping took place.’ |
★ | JUMP |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
202 |
(203) Henni var sunginn lítill sálmur. henni her.dat var was sunginn sung lítill little.nom sálmur psalm.nom ‘She was sung a little psalm.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
203 |
(204) Ljóðið var sungið. ljóð-ið poem-the.nom var was sungið sung ‘The song was sung.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
204 |
(205) Það var farið á markaðinn. það it var was farið gone á on markað-inn market-the.acc ‘They went to the market. / The next step was going to the market.’ |
★ | GO |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
205 |
(206) Þorpið var yfirgefið. þorp-ið village-the.nom var was yfirgefið abandoned ‘The village was abandoned.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
206 |
(207) Það var búið í bænum. það it var was búið lived í in bæ-num town-the.dat ‘The town was lived in.’ |
★ | LIVE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
207 |
(208) Það var hlegið. það it var was hlegið laughed ‘They laughed.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
208 |
(209) Hann var rekinn út. hann he.nom var was rekinn driven út out ‘He was driven out.’ |
★ | DRIVE OUT |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
209 |
(210) Það var öskrað. það it var was öskrað screamed ‘They screamed. / Some screaming took place.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
210 |
(211) Það var dáið í partýinu. það it var was dáið died í in partý-inu party-the.dat ‘Some people fell asleep at the party (because of extensive alchohol use).’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
211 |
(212) Það var leikið sér í garðinum. það it var was leikið played sér self.dat í in garði-num garden-the.dat ‘They played in the garden.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
212 |
(213) Boltanum var rúllað. bolta-num ball-the.dat var was rúllað rolled ‘The ball was rolled.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
213 |
(214) Bátnum var sökkt. bát-num boat-the.dat var was sökkt sunk ‘The boat was sunk.’ |
★ | SINK (tr) |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
214 |
(215) Húsið brann. hús-ið house-the.nom brann burned_down ‘The house burned down.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
215 |
(216) Húsið var brennt. hús-ið house-the.nom var was brennt burned ‘The house was burned down.’ |
★ | BURN (tr) |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
216 |
(217) Peningunum var stolið. peningu-num money-the.dat var was stolið stolen ‘The money was stolen.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
217 |
(218) Reglulega er heyrt í öðrum greinendum ... reglulega regularly er is heyrt heard í in öðrum other.dat greinendum analysers.dat ‘We are regularly contacted by other analysers ...’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
218 |
(219) Vatnið var soðið lengi. vatn-ið water-the.nom var was soðið boiled lengi long ‘The water was boiled for a long time.’ |
★ | BOIL (tr) |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
219 |
(220) Aðdáendabréf hafði borist mér from ... aðdáendabréf fan_letter.nom hafði had borist received mér I.dat frá from ‘A fan letter had come to me from ...’ |
★ | GET |
an Alternation:
Nom-Dat vs. Dat-Nom |
220 |
(221) Konunnar var beðið. konu-nnar woman-the.gen var was beðið asked ‘The woman was proposed to.’ |
★ | PROPOSE (a marriage) |
an Alternation:
Genitive Passive |
221 |
(222) Bátnum var hvolft. bát-num boat-the.dat var was hvolft capsized ‘The boat was capsized.’ |
★ | CAPSIZE |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
222 |
(223) Þess var getið í gömlum bókum. þess it.gen var was getið mentioned í in gömlum old.dat bókum books.dat ‘It was mentioned in old books.’ |
★ | SAY (impersonal) |
an Alternation:
Genitive Passive |
223 |
(224) Ég gat þess í bréfinu. ég I.nom gat mentioned þess it.gen í in bréf-inu letter-the.dat ‘I mentioned it in the letter.’ |
★ | SAY (impersonal) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-gen (í+3-dat) |
224 |
(225) Það var borið kassana. það it var was borið carried kassa-na boxes-the.acc ‘The boxes were carried.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
225 |
(226) Það var bundið hestinn með reipi. það it var was bundið tied hest-inn horse-the.acc með with reipi rope.dat ‘The horse was tied with rope.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
226 |
(227) Það var blikkað stelpuna. það it var was blikkað blinked stelpu-na girl-the.acc ‘The girl was winked at.’ |
★ | BLINK | the Verb form blikka (augunum) | 227 |
(228) Það var borðað matinn. það it var was borðað eaten mat-inn food-the.acc ‘The food was eaten.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
228 |
(229) Það var breitt teppið yfir hann. það it var was breitt pulled teppi-ð blanket-the.acc yfir over hann him.acc ‘The blanked was pulled over him.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
229 |
(230) Það var brennt húsið. það it var was brennt burned hús-ið house-the.acc ‘The house was burned down.’ |
★ | BURN (tr) |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
230 |
(231) Það var brotið rúðuna. það it var was brotið broken rúðu-na glass-the.acc ‘The glass was broken.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
231 |
(232) Það var byggt skýli í garðinum. það it var was byggt built skýli shelter.acc í in garði-num garden-the.dat ‘They built a shelter in the garden.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
232 |
(233) Það var drepið mann í gær. það it var was drepið killed mann man.acc í in gær yesterday ‘A man was killled yesterday.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
233 |
(234) Það var elt stelpu út um allan garð. það it var was elt chased stelpu girl.acc út out um about allan all.acc garð garden.acc ‘A girl was chased all around the garden.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
234 |
(235) Það var faðmað drenginn. það it var was faðmað hugged dreng-inn boy-the.acc ‘The boy was hugged.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
235 |
(236) Það var falið froskinn. það it var was falið hidden frosk-inn frog-the.acc ‘The frog was hidden.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
236 |
(237) Það var fyllt glasið með vatni. það it var was fyllt filled glas-ið glass-the.acc með with vatni water.dat ‘The glass was filled with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
237 |
(238) Það var gefið allan matinn í gær. það it var was gefið given allan all.acc mat-inn food-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘All the food was given away yesterday.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
238 |
(239) Það var hlaðið öllu heyinu í gær. það it var was hlaðið loaded öllu all.dat hey-inu hay-the.dat í in gær yesterday ‘All the hay was loaded up yesterday.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
239 |
(240) Það var hrætt manninn til að ... það it var was hrætt scared mann-inn man-the.acc til to að that ‘The man was scared into ...’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
240 |
(241) Það var kallað hana Önnu. það it var was kallað called hana her.acc Önnu Anna.acc ‘She was called Anna.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
241 |
(242) Það var klætt hana í úlpu og skó. það it var was klætt dressed hana her.acc í in úlpu jacket.acc og and skó shoes.acc ‘She was dressed in jacket and shoes.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
242 |
(243) Það var klippt mig í gær. það it var was klippt cut mig me.acc í in gær yesterday ‘My hair was cut yesterday.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
243 |
(244) Þeim gaf góðan byr. þeim them.dat gaf gave góð-an good-acc byr wind.acc ‘They received good wind.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Dat-Acc Ambiditransitive |
244 |
(245) Það var lamið hann í gær. það it var was lamið beaten hann him.acc í in gær yesterday ‘He was beaten yesterday.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
245 |
(246) Það var nefnt þetta við mig. það it var was nefnt named þetta this.acc við with mig me.acc ‘This was mentioned to me.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
246 |
(247) Það var rakað hann í gær. það it var was rakað shaved hann him.acc í in gær yesterday ‘He was shaved yesterday.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
247 |
(248) Það var rekið hann út í gær. það it var was rekið driven hann him.acc út out í in gær yesterday ‘He was thrown out yesterday.’ |
★ | DRIVE OUT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
248 |
(249) Það var rétt þeim þetta í gær. það it var was rétt handed þeim them.dat þetta this.acc í in gær yesterday ‘They were handed this yesterday.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
249 |
(250) Það var rifið blaðsíðuna út úr bókinni í gær. það it var was rifið torn blaðsíðu-na page-the.acc út out úr of bók-inni book-the.dat í in gær yesterday ‘The page was torn out of the book yesterday.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
250 |
(251) Það var sagt honum í gær að ... það it var was sagt said honum him.dat í in gær yesterday að that ‘Yesterday he was told that ...’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
251 |
(252) Það var sent hana í gær. það it var was sent sent hana her.acc í in gær yesterday ‘She was sent yesterday.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
252 |
(253) Það var sett hana af stað í gær. það it var was sett put hana her.acc af off stað labor í in gær yesterday ‘Her labor was started yesterday.’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
253 |
(254) Það var soðið hangikjötið í gær. það it var was soðið boiled hangikjöt-ið smoked_meat-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘The smoked meat was boiled yesterday.’ |
★ | BOIL (tr) |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
254 |
(255) Það var skorið á naflastrenginn í gær. það it var was skorið cut á on naflastreng-inn umbilical_cord-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘The umbilical cord was cut yesterday.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
255 |
(256) Það var slegið strákinn í gær. það it var was slegið hit strák-inn boy-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘The boy was hit yesterday.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
256 |
(257) Það var óvert snert hana í gær. það it var was óvert unintentionally snert touched hana her.acc í in gær yesterday ‘She was unintentionally touched yesteday.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
257 |
(258) Það var sýnt henni sönunnargögnin í gær. það it var was sýnt shown henni her.dat sönunnargögn-in evidence-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘She was shown the evidence yesterday.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
258 |
(259) Það var sungið þjóðsönginn í gær. það it var was sungið sung þjóðsöng-inn national_anthem-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘The national anthem was sung yesterday.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
259 |
(260) Það var tekið niður jólastjörnuna í gær. það it var was tekið taken niður down jólastjörnu-na christmas_star-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘The christmas star was taken down yesterday.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
260 |
(261) Það var yfirgefið svæðið í gær. það it var was yfirgefið abandoned svæð-ið area-the.acc í in gær yesterday ‘The area was abandoned yesterday.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
261 |
(262) Það var þakið garðinn með blómum. það it var was þakið covered garð-inn garden-the.acc með with blómum flowers.dat ‘The garden was covered with flowers.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
262 |
(263) Það var þvegið honum í gær. það it var was þvegið washed honum him.dat í in gær yesterday ‘He was washed yesterday.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
263 |
(264) Það var beðið hennar með pompi og prakt í gær. það it var was beðið proposed hennar her.gen með with pompi pomp.dat og and prakt circumstance.dat í in gær yesterday ‘She was proposed to with pomp and circumstance yesterday.’ |
★ | PROPOSE (a marriage) |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
264 |
(265) Ekki var getið þess í auglýsingunni að ... ekki not var was getið mentioned þess it.gen í in auglýsingu-nni ad-the.dat að that ‘It wasn't mentioned in the ad that ...’ |
★ | SAY (impersonal) |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
265 |
(266) Það var leitað hans stíft og allir héldu í vonina. það it var was leitað searched hans he.gen stíft without_a_break og and allir everybody.nom héldu held í in von-ina hope-the.acc ‘He was searched for without a break and everybody clinged to the hope.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
266 |
(267) Það var fylgt stelpunum á leið. það it var was fylgt followed stelpu-num girls-the.dat á on leið way ‘The girls were taken a part of the way.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
267 |
(268) ... þegar var hellt vatninu yfir hausinn á henni. þegar when var was hellt poured vatn-inu water-the.dat yfir over haus-inn head-the.acc á on henni her.dat ‘... when water was poured over her head.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
268 |
(269) Það var hjálpað henni að taka til. það it var was hjálpað helped henni her.dat að to taka tidy til up ‘She was helped tidying up.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
269 |
(270) Það var hóstað upp blóðinu og ... það it var was hóstað coughed upp up blóð-inu blood-the.dat og and ‘The blood was coughed up and ...’ |
★ | COUGH |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
270 |
(271) Það var hvolft bátnum á eyrinni. það it var was hvolft capsized bát-num boat-the.dat á on eyri-nni sandbank-the.dat ‘The baot was capsized on the sandbank.’ |
★ | CAPSIZE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
271 |
(272) Það var sökkt líkinu úti á rúmsjó. það it var was sökkt sunk lík-inu corpse-the.dat úti out á on rúmsjó open_sea ‘The corpse was sunk out on the open sea.’ |
★ | SINK (tr) |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
272 |
(273) Það var stolið peningunum hans bróður míns. það it var was stolið stolen peningu-num money-the.dat hans he.gen bróður brother.gen míns mine ‘My brother's money got stolen.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
273 |
(274) Það sást til hans í skóginum. það it sá-st see-refl/rcp til to hans he.gen í in skógi-num woods-the.dat ‘He was seen in the woods.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal mediopassive |
274 |
(275) Það fannst lykt af birninum. það it fann-st found-refl/rcp lykt smell af of birni-num bear-the.dat ‘They could smell the bear.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Impersonal mediopassive |
275 |
(276) Það heyrðist í honum í skóginum. það it heyrði-st heard-refl/rcp í in honum him.dat í in skógi-num woods-the.dat ‘He was heard in the woods.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Impersonal mediopassive |
276 |
(277) Veginn sá óglöggt. veg-inn road-the.acc sá saw óglöggt badly ‘The road was difficult to see.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
277 |
(278) Bílinn bar hratt yfir. bíl-inn car-the.acc bar carried hratt fast yfir over ‘The car went by quickly.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
278 |
(279) Bátinn braut í spón. bát-inn boat-the.acc braut broke í in spón pieces ‘The boat was smashed to pieces.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
279 |
(280) Veggina drepur. vegg-ina walls-the.acc drepur kills ‘The walls leak.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
280 |
(281) Bátinn fyllti. bát-inn boat-the.acc fyllti filled ‘The boat got swamped.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
281 |
(282) Seglin rífur. segl-in sails-the.acc rífur tear ‘The sails bursted.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
282 |
(283) Manninn tók út. mann-inn man-the.acc tók took út out ‘The man was seized by the sea. / The sea seized the man.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Accusative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
283 |
(284) Honum ber heiðurinn. honum him.dat ber carries heiður-inn honor-the.nom ‘He deserves the credit.’ |
★ | DESERVE |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V.agr[2] 2-nom |
284 |
(285) Honum býr þetta í brjósti. honum him.dat býr live þetta this.nom í in brjósti breast.dat ‘He has this on his mind.’ |
★ | BE BURDENED |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V.agr[2] 2-nom |
285 |
(286) Þetta býr honum í brjósti. þetta this.nom býr live honum him.dat í in brjósti breast.dat ‘This is on his mind.’ |
★ | LIVE |
an Alternation:
Nom-Dat vs. Dat-Nom |
286 |
(287) Honum brennur eitthvað fyrir brjósti. honum him.dat brennur burns eitthvað something.nom fyrir for brjósti breast.dat ‘He has something on his mind.’ |
★ | BE BURDENED |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V.agr[2] 2-nom |
287 |
(288) Það brennur honum fyrir brjósti. það it.nom brennur burns honum him.dat fyrir for brjósti breast.dat ‘It burdens him.’ |
★ | BE BURDENED |
an Alternation:
Nom-Dat vs. Dat-Nom |
288 |
(289) Þeim hljóp kapp í kinn. þeim them.dat hljóp ran kapp eagerness.nom í in kinn cheek ‘They got overexcited.’ |
★ | GET EXCITED |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V |
289 |
(290) Honum hló hugur í brjósti. honum him.dat hló laughed hugur interest.nom í in brjósti breast.dat ‘His heart was gladdened.’ |
★ | BE GLAD |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V |
290 |
(291) Honum kastaði fyrir brjóst. honum him.dat kastaði threw fyrir for brjóst breast ‘He felt nauseous.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Dative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
291 |
(292) Honum leikur allt í lyndi. honum him.dat leikur plays allt everything í in lyndi harmony ‘Everything goes well for him.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V.agr[2] 2-nom |
292 |
(293) Spurningunum rigndi yfir hann. spurningu-num questions-the.dat rigndi rained yfir over hann him.acc ‘He was showered with questions.’ |
★ | RAIN |
an Alternation:
Dative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
293 |
(294) Mér segir svo hugur um að ... mér I.dat segir says svo so hugur mind.nom um about að that ‘I have the intuition that ...’ |
★ | HAVE AN INTUITION |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V um+2 |
294 |
(295) Eldingu sló niður í húsið. eldingu lightning.dat sló hit niður down í in hús-ið house-the.acc ‘A lightning struck the house.’ |
★ | SETTLE |
an Alternation:
Dative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
295 |
(296) Skipi tekur vel. skipi ship.dat tekur takes vel well ‘The ship can make good use of the wind.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Dative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
296 |
(297) Snjónum hleður niður. snjó-num snow-the.dat hleður loads niður down ‘The snow is piling up.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Dative Subject Ambitransitive vs. Transitive |
297 |
(298) Ég hugsaði það. ég I.nom hugsaði thought það it.acc ‘I thought that thought.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Direct Object alternation |
298 |
(299) Þetta var hugsað þannig að ... þetta this.nom var was hugsað thought þannig such að that ‘This was thought of in such a way that ...’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
299 |
(300) Hún var klædd fallegri kápu. hún she.nom var was klædd dressed fallegri beautiful.dat kápu coat.dat ‘She was dressed in a beautiful coat.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
300 |
(301) Svo var hitt hana Maríu mína og ... svo then var was hitt met hana her.acc Maríu Maria.acc mína mine.acc og and ‘Then I met with my Maria and ...’ |
★ | MEET |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
301 |
(302) Þeir sáust. þeir they.nom sáu-st saw-refl/rcp ‘They saw each other.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
302 |
(303) Þeir föðmuðust. þeir they.nom föðmuðu-st hugged-refl/rcp ‘They hugged each other.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
303 |
(304) Þær horfðust í augu. þær they.nom horfðu-st watched-refl/rcp í in augu eyes.acc ‘They looked each other in the eyes.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
304 |
(305) Þær þekkjast. þær they.nom þekkja-st know-refl/rcp ‘They know each other.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
305 |
(306) Þeir hjálpuðust að. þeir they.nom hjálpuðu-st helped-refl/rcp að at ‘They helped each other.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
306 |
(307) Þeir fylgdust að áleiðis. þeir they.nom fylgdu-st followed-refl/rcp að at áleiðis on_way ‘They kept each other company a part of the way. / They walked together a part of the way.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
307 |
(308) Þeir töluðust ekki við. þeir they.nom töluðu-st spoke-refl/rcp ekki not við with ‘They didn't talk to each other. / They were not on speaking terms with each other.’ |
★ | TALK |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
308 |
(309) Ég talaði hann til. ég I.nom talaði talked hann him.acc til to ‘I persuaded him.’ |
★ | TALK |
an Alternation:
Direct Object alternation |
309 |
(310) Þeir hrópast á. þeir they.nom hrópa-st shout-refl/rcp á on ‘They shout to each other.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
310 |
(311) Ég hrópaði hann út. ég I.nom hrópaði shouted hann him.acc út out ‘I slandered him.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Direct Object alternation |
311 |
(312) Hann sagðist ekki vilja ... hann he.nom sagði-st said-refl/rcp ekki not vilja want ‘He said that he didn't want ...’ |
★ | SAY |
an Alternation:
Reflexive (mediopassive form) |
312 |
(313) Þeir kölluðust á. þeir they.nom kölluðu-st shouted-refl/rcp á on ‘They shouted at each other.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
313 |
(314) Hann braust inn í húsið. hann he.nom brau-st broke-refl/rcp inn in í in hús-ið house-the.acc ‘He broke his way into the house. / He broke into the house.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Reflexive (mediopassive form) |
314 |
(315) Hann drapst. hann he.nom drap-st killed-refl/rcp ‘He died.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
315 |
(316) Glugginn lamdist til og frá í vindinum. glugg-inn window-the.nom lamdi-st beat-refl/rcp til to og and frá from í in vindi-num wind-the.dat ‘The window was banging back and forth in the wind.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
316 |
(317) Glugginn slóst til og frá í vindinum. glugg-inn window-the.nom sló-st beat-refl/rcp til to og and frá from í in vindi-num wind-the.dat ‘The window was banging back and forth in the wind.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
317 |
(318) Þeir rifust. þeir they.nom rifu-st tore-refl/rcp ‘They argued with each other.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
318 |
(319) Hann tók þessu vel. hann he.nom tók took þessu this.dat vel well ‘He took it well.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Obj.dat vs. Obj.acc |
319 |
(320) Ég bað um þetta. ég I.nom bað asked um for þetta this.acc ‘I asked for this.’ |
★ | PROPOSE (a marriage) |
an Alternation:
PP vs. Genitive Object |
320 |
(321) Hann stal af peningum. hann he.nom stal stole af of peningum money.dat ‘He stole parts of the money.’ |
★ | STEAL | the Verb form stela | 321 |
(322) Hann brenndi af spýtunum. hann he.nom brenndi burned af of spýtu-num sticks-the.dat ‘He burned some of the sticks.’ |
★ | BURN |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive with conjugation variation |
322 |
(323) Þeir lékust á. þeir they.nom léku-st played-refl/rcp á on.part ‘They played with each other.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
323 |
(324) Þeir öskruðust á. þeir they.nom öskruðu-st screamed-refl/rcp á on ‘They screamed at each other.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
324 |
(325) Þeir rákust á. þeir they.nom ráku-st bumped-refl/rcp á on ‘They bumped into each other.’ |
★ | DRIVE OUT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
325 |
(326) Það var sest á bekkinn. það it var was se-st sat-refl/rcp á on bekk-inn bench-the.acc ‘They sat down on the bank.’ |
★ | SIT DOWN |
an Alternation:
Impersonal mediopassive |
326 |
(327) Hann hljópst undan ábyrgðinni. hann he.nom hljóp-st ran-refl/rcp undan from ábyrgð-inni responsibility-the.dat ‘He ran away from the responsibility.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
327 |
(328) Það var hlaupist undan ábyrgðinni. það it var was hlaupi-st ran-refl/rcp undan from ábyrgð-inni responsibility-the.dat ‘They ran away from the responsibility.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Impersonal mediopassive |
328 |
(329) Ég kastaði boltanum til hans. ég I.nom kastaði threw bolta-num ball-the.dat til to hans he.gen ‘I threw the ball to him.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Dative alternation (PP) |
329 |
(330) Strákurinn söng. strákur-inn boy-the.nom söng sang ‘The boy sang.’ |
★ | SING | the Verb form syngja | 330 |
(331) Stelpan hló að brandaranum. stelpa-n girl-the.nom hló laughed að at brandara-num joke-the.dat ‘The girl laughed at the joke.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
331 |
(332) Maðurinn öskraði á konuna. maður-inn man-the.nom öskraði yell á at konu-na woman-the.acc ‘The man yelled at the woman.’ |
★ | SCREAM | the Verb form öskra | 332 |
(333) Boltinn rúllar niður brekkuna. bolti-nn ball-the.nom rúllar rolls niður down brekku-na hill-the.acc ‘The ball rolls down the hill.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
333 |
(334) Maðurinn er veiðimaður. maður-inn man-the.nom er is veiðimaður hunter.nom ‘The man is a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] |
334 |
(335) Konan malar kornið með áhaldi. kona-n woman-the.nom malar grinds korn-ið corn-the.acc með with áhaldi tool.dat ‘The woman grinds the corn with a tool.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) |
335 |
(336) Konan eldar kjúkling. kona-n woman-the.nom eldar cooks kjúkling chicken ‘The woman cooks chicken.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc |
336 |
(337) Kjúklingurinn var eldaður. kjúklingur-inn chicken-the.nom var was eldaður cooked ‘The chicken was cooked.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
337 |
(338) Gamla konan kenndi stelpunni söng. gamla old.nom kona-n woman-the.nom kenndi taught stelpu-nni girl-the.dat söng song.acc ‘The old woman taught the girl a song.’ |
★ | TEACH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat 3-acc |
338 |
(339) Stelpunni var kenndur söngur. stelpu-nni girl-the.dat var was kenndur taught söngur song.nom ‘The girl was taught a song.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
339 |
(340) Söngurinn var kenndur. söngur-inn song-the.nom var was kenndur taught ‘The song was taught.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
340 |
(341) Konan þurrkaði skítinn af borðinu. kona-n woman-the.nom þurrkaði wiped skít-inn dirt-the.acc af off borð-inu table-the.dat ‘The woman wiped the dirt off the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (af+3-dat) |
341 |
(342) Skíturinn var þurrkaður af borðinu. skítur-inn dirt-the.nom var was þurrkaður wiped af off borð-inu table-the.dat ‘The dirt was wiped off the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
342 |
(343) Stúlkan færði mér blóm. stúlka-n girl-the.nom færði brought mér I.dat blóm flowers.acc ‘The girl brought me flowers.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat 3-acc |
343 |
(344) Mér voru færð blóm. mér I.dat voru were færð brought blóm flowers.nom ‘I was brought some flowers.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
344 |
(345) Strákurinn ýtti stelpunni út í vatnið. strákur-inn boy-the.nom ýtti pushed stelpu-nni girl-the.dat út out í in vatn-ið water-the.acc ‘The boy pushed the girl into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat (í+3-acc) |
345 |
(346) Stelpunni var ýtt út í vatnið. stelpu-nni girl-the.dat var was ýtt pushed út out í in vatn-ið water-the.acc ‘The girl was pushed into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
346 |
(347) Konan grefur eftir kartöflum. kona-n woman-the.nom grefur digs eftir after kartöflum potatoes.dat ‘The woman digs for potatoes.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] eftir+2-dat |
347 |
(348) Það var grafið eftir kartöflum. það it var was grafið dug eftir after kartöflum potatoes.dat ‘The potatoes were dug for.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
348 |
(349) Þau slógu sér niður í bænum. þau they.nom slógu settled sér self.dat niður down í in bæ-num town-the.dat ‘They settled in the town.’ |
★ | SETTLE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V.agr[1] í+2-dat |
349 |
(350) Því fór fjarri að ... því it.dat fór left fjarri distant að that ‘It was far from the truth that ...’ |
★ | BE FAR FROM THE TRUTH |
a Coding frame:
1-dat V |
350 |
(351) Honum var sagt að ... honum him.dat var was sagt told að that ‘He was told that ...’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
351 |
(352) Það var sagt söguna aftur og aftur. það it var was sagt told sögu-na story-the aftur again og and aftur again ‘The story was told again and again.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
352 |
(353) Það var malað það. það it.expl var was malað ground það it.acc ‘It was ground.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
353 |
(354) Kornið var malað. korn-ið corn-the.nom var was malað ground ‘The corn was ground.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
354 |
(355) Það var eldað hann. það it.expl var was eldað cooked hann it.acc ‘It was cooked.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
355 |
(356) Það var sungið hann. það it.expl var was sungið sung hann it.acc ‘It was sung.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
356 |
(357) Það var þurrkað hann af borðinu. það it.expl var was þurrkað dried hann it.acc af off borð-inu table-the.dat ‘It was dried off the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
357 |
(358) Blómin voru færð Sveini. blóm-in flowers-the.nom voru were færð brought Svein-i Svein-i.dat ‘The flowers were brought to Sveinn.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
Nominative Passive |
358 |
(359) Það var ýtt henni út í vatnið. það it.expl var was ýtt pushed henni her.dat út out í in vatn-ið water-the.acc ‘She was pushed into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
359 |
(360) Kartöflurnar grófust niður. kartöflur-nar potatoes-the.nom grófu-st dug-refl/rcp niður down ‘The potatoes got dug down.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
360 |
(361) Ég þurrkaði barninu. ég I.nom þurrkaði dried barn-inu child-the.dat ‘I dried the child.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Obj.dat vs. Obj.acc |
361 |
(362) Barninu var þurrkað. barn-inu child-the.dat var was þurrkað dried ‘The child was dried.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Dative passive |
362 |
(363) Textinn þurrkaðist út. text-inn text-the.nom þurrkaðist wiped út out ‘The text got wiped out.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
363 |
(364) Kornið malaðist af sjálfu sér. korn-ið corn-the.nom malaðist got.grounded af by sjálfu it.dat sér self.dat ‘The corn got grounded by itself.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
364 |
(365) Músin færðist. mús-in mouse-the.nom færði-st moved-refl/rcp ‘The mouse moved.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
Mediopassive (middle) |
365 |
(366) Þær horfðu á hvor aðra. þær they.nom horfðu watched á on hvor each aðra other ‘They watched each other.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal Alternation |
366 |
(367) Það var blikkað. það it var was blikkað blinked ‘It blinked.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Impersonal passive |
367 |