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  • Verb meanings 
      Show all Verb meanings or select one of the 80 core meanings:
    • ASK FOR
    • BE A HUNTER
    • BEAT
    • BE DRY
    • BE HUNGRY
    • BE SAD
    • BLINK
    • BOIL
    • BREAK
    • BRING
    • BUILD
    • BURN
    • CARRY
    • CLIMB
    • COOK
    • COUGH
    • COVER
    • CUT
    • DIE
    • DIG
    • DRESS
    • EAT
    • FEAR
    • FEEL COLD
    • FEEL PAIN
    • FILL
    • FOLLOW
    • FRIGHTEN
    • GIVE
    • GO
    • GRIND
    • HEAR
    • HELP
    • HIDE
    • HIT
    • HUG
    • JUMP
    • KILL
    • KNOW
    • LAUGH
    • LEAVE
    • LIKE
    • LIVE
    • LOAD
    • LOOK AT
    • MEET
    • NAME
    • PEEL
    • PLAY
    • POUR
    • PUSH
    • PUT
    • RAIN
    • ROLL
    • RUN
    • SAY
    • SCREAM
    • SEARCH FOR
    • SEE
    • SEND
    • SHAVE (a body part/person)
    • SHOUT AT
    • SHOW
    • SING
    • SINK
    • SIT
    • SIT DOWN
    • SMELL
    • STEAL
    • TAKE
    • TALK
    • TEACH
    • TEAR
    • TELL
    • THINK
    • THROW
    • TIE
    • TOUCH
    • WASH
    • WIPE
  • All Coding frames
  • Microroles
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    • Data set for Hoocąk (zipped TSV files)
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  • Hoocąk
  • Verb forms 
      Show all 89 Verb forms or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
    • ASK FOR taa
    • BE A HUNTER no verbal counterpart
    • BEAT hirojį, hojį
    • BE DRY wuus
    • BE HUNGRY tookewehi
    • BE SAD horuš'ak
    • BLINK hišjasu(ra) gip'i(p'i)s
    • BOIL xere
    • BREAK gišiš
    • BRING hanį jii
    • BUILD no direct counterpart, ųų
    • BURN taa'e
    • CARRY ru'ą
    • CLIMB hoti
    • COOK tuuc hii
    • COUGH hooxiwi
    • COVER haruką
    • CUT mąącgis
    • DIE t'ee
    • DIG k'ee
    • DRESS no direct counterpart
    • EAT ruuc
    • FEAR nąąkewe
    • FEEL COLD taasak
    • FEEL PAIN teek
    • FILL hoixjį hii
    • FOLLOW ruxe
    • FRIGHTEN nąąǧire hii
    • GIVE hok'ų
    • GO no direct counterpart
    • GRIND gicop, mąąxjuk
    • HEAR nąąxgų
    • HELP gijire
    • HIDE nųųxąwą
    • HIT hapa
    • HUG nąąt'ųp
    • JUMP t'ąą(t'ą)p
    • KILL t'ee hii
    • KNOW hiperes
    • LAUGH hikša
    • LEAVE no direct counterpart
    • LIKE gipį
    • LIVE cii
    • LOAD hožu
    • LOOK AT horoǧoc
    • MEET hikipa
    • NAME hige
    • PEEL ruxoro
    • PLAY šgaac
    • POUR waxų
    • PUSH hawają
    • PUT hožu
    • RAIN nįįžu
    • ROLL howaną(ną)
    • RUN nųųwąk
    • SAY ee
    • SCREAM iijanįk
    • SEARCH FOR honį
    • SEE haja
    • SEND no direct counterpart
    • SHAVE (a body part/person) (no counterpart)
    • SHOUT AT wąą (rehii)
    • SHOW waha
    • SING nąąwą
    • SINK hasaware
    • SIT mįįnak
    • SIT DOWN mįįnak
    • SMELL horupąną
    • STEAL mąąnų
    • TAKE ruus
    • TALK hokit'e
    • TEACH gigųs
    • TEAR rugas
    • TELL horak
    • THINK wewį
    • THROW hirojį, ųųreehi
    • TIE rusgic
    • TOUCH hiki'o
    • WASH ruža
    • WIPE waža
  • Coding frames
  • Coding sets
  • Alternations
  • Examples

Basic Coding frame

1 act[1].V
# Coding set Argument type
1 act.V X
Derived Coding frames via
2 1 und[1].act[2].V'caus
Permissive causative (gigi) Coercive/default causative (hii) Possessive reflexive causative (karagi)
1 3 und[3].act[1].V'ben
Benefactive/possession of U (+gi)
1 4 und[4].act[1].V'inst
Instrumental applicative (+hi)
1/3 act[1/3].V'rfl/rcp
Reciprocal (+kiki) Reflexive (+kii)
1 LOC5 und[5].act[1].V'loc
Locative applicative II (superessive) (+ha) Locative applicative I (inessive) (+ho)
2/1 act[2/1].V'caus
Reflexive causative (kįį)

Verb forms with this basic Coding frame

Verb form Verb meaning Microrole 1
iijanįk SCREAM screamer
howaną(ną) ROLL rolling entity
iihį(ra) gik'o SHAVE (self) shaver (of self)
hišjasu(ra) gip'i(p'i)s BLINK blinker
hikša LAUGH laugher
howaža BE ILL sick person
horuš'ak BE SAD sad person
ǧaak CRY crier
bookewe FALL fallee
haǧep APPEAR appearer
hooxiwi COUGH cougher
nųųwąk RUN runner
t'ąą(t'ą)p JUMP jumper
šgaac PLAY player
hikikoroho GET DRESSED getting dressed person
wąą (rehii) SHOUT AT shouter
Logo_minerva     Cc-by
Valency Patterns Leipzig online database is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley
and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.