Alternation ‘Instrumental & possessive reflexive (+ hi + kara)’ (Coded)

This is a valency increasing alternation that adds an undergoer slot on the verb for an instrument. At the same time it expresses A's ownership of (one of the verb's) Us (e.g. A cuts U --> A cuts on one's own U with I). Since the instrumental is considered to be old fashioned, this alternation does not occur very often.

Verb Meaning Verb form Basic coding frame Derived coding frame Occurs Comment # Ex.