Alternation ‘Reciprocal (+kiki)’ (Coded)

The reciprocal is a valency-decreasing operation. When the morpheme ki(ki) is added to a transitive verb, the undergoer slot can no longer be filled with an undergoer inflectional affix and is thus blocked. Verbs derived with the reciprocal occur in plural forms only. This morpheme is the reduplication of the reflexive kii and can also occur in its unreduplicated form expressing the same meaning. Therefore, reciprocal and reflexive and be ambiguous sometimes. In very rare cases this operation can also be used to express an reciprocal-beneficiary meaning, in these cases the valency of the verb remains unchanged (e.g. ruxoro 'peel sth.' --> kikiruxoro 'peel sth. for each other / peel each other's sth.'').

Verb Meaning Verb form Basic coding frame Derived coding frame Occurs Comment # Ex.