rennen

Coding frame

1-nom V.subj[1]

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(133)

Ich renne zur Bushaltestelle.

ich

1SG.NOM

renn-e

run-1SG.PRS

zu-r

to-DEF.F.DAT

Bushaltestelle

bus.stop

‘I run to the bus stop.’

★

(149)

Ich renne (eine Runde) um den Block.

ich

1SG.NOM

renn-e

run-1SG.PRS

ein-e

INDEF-F.ACC

Runde

round(ACC)

around

den

DEF.M.ACC

Block

block(ACC)

‘I run (a round) around the block.’

★

(161)

Lola rennt.

Lola

renn-t

run-3SG.PRS

‘Lola runs.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	RUN	Coding set	Argument type
1	runner	NP-nom V.subj	S

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame
U Cognate Object Insertion more info	MMarginally	n
C be- Alternation (I) more info	NNever	y
C er- Alternation more info	NNever	y
C be- Alternation (II) more info	NNever	y
U Benefactive Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Object Omission Alternation more info	NNever	n
C ver- Alternation more info	NNever	y
U Ambitransitive Alternation (A>S) more info	NNever	n
C Prepositional Alternation more info	NNever	y
C Passive with werden more info	MMarginally	y
C Anticausative Alternation more info	NNever	y
U Instrument Subject Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Impersonal Passive	RRegularly	y	x-nom passV'.subj[x]
C Passive with sein	NNever	y

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

rennen

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples