zudecken

Coding frame

1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc

Examples

(2)

Die Amme bedeckte das Kind mit der Decke.

die

DEF.F.NOM

Amme

wet.nurse

be-deck-te

APPL-cover-3SG.PST

das

DEF.N.ACC

Kind

child(ACC)

mit

with

der

DEF.F.DAT

Decke

blanket(DAT)

‘The wet nurse covered the child with the blanket.’

★

(131)

Sie deckte das Baby zu.

sie

3SG.F.NOM

deck-te

cover-3SG.PST

das

DEF.N.ACC

Baby

baby(ACC)

mit

with

ein-er

INDEF-DAT

Decke

cover(DAT)

APPL

‘She covered the baby with a cover.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	COVER	Coding set	Argument type
1	coverer	NP-nom V.subj	A
2	covered thing	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Cognate Object Insertion more info	NNever	n
C be- Alternation (I) more info	NNever	y
C er- Alternation more info	NNever	y
C be- Alternation (II) more info	NNever	y		(2) Die Amme bedeckte das Kind mit der Decke. ‘The wet nurse covered the child with the blanket.’ ★
U Benefactive Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Object Omission Alternation more info	NNever	n
C ver- Alternation more info	NNever	y
U Ambitransitive Alternation (A>S) more info	NNever	n
C Prepositional Alternation more info	NNever	y
C Passive with werden more info	RRegularly	y	2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat)
C Anticausative Alternation more info	NNever	y
U Instrument Subject Alternation more info	RRegularly	n	4-nom V'.subj[4] 2-acc
C Impersonal Passive	NNever	y
C Passive with sein		y

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

zudecken

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples