erschrecken

Coding frame

1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc

Complex Verb form

Example

(10)

Der Bär erschreckte den Mann.

der

DEF.M.NOM

Bär

bear(NOM)

erschreck-te

frighten-3SG.PST

den

DEF.M.ACC

Mann

man(ACC)

‘The bear frightened the man.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	FRIGHTEN	Coding set	Argument type
1	frightener	NP-nom V.subj	A
2	frightenee	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission Alternation more info	NNever		n
U Ambitransitive Alternation (A>S) more info	NNever		n		(12) Der Mann erschrak. ‘The man got frightened.’ ★
C Prepositional Alternation more info	NNever		y
U Cognate Object Insertion more info	NNever		n
C be- Alternation (II) more info	NNever		y
C ver- Alternation more info	NNever		y
C Passive with werden more info	RRegularly		y	2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat)
C er- Alternation more info	NNever		y
C be- Alternation (I) more info	NNever		y
U Benefactive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Anticausative Alternation more info	NNever		y
U Instrument Subject Alternation more info	MMarginally	der Schrei erschreckte den Mann	n
C Impersonal Passive	NNever		y
C Passive with sein			y