Examples of Evenki
Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Beje tar kuŋakanme hullat dastan. beje man tar that kuŋakan-me child-ACC hulla-t blanket-INSTR das-ta-n cover-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man covered the child with the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
1 |
(2) Beje stakanma muut d’alupkiran. beje man stakan-ma glass-ACC muu-t water-INSTR d’alupki-ra-n fill-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man filled the glass with water .’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
2 |
(3) Beje oroktovo iruktavundu tevren. beje man orokto-vo hay-ACC iruktavun-du cart-DAT tev-re-n load-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man loaded the hay on the cart.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
3 |
(4) Beje morinma moodu uiren. beje man morin-ma horse-ACC moo-du tree-DAT ui-re-n tie-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man tied the horse to the tree.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
4 |
(5) Beje muuve tygedu uŋkuren. beje man muu-ve water-ACC tyge-du bowel-DAT uŋku-re-n pour-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man poured the water into the glass.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
5 |
(6) Beje knigava ostoldu neeren. beje man kniga-va book-ACC ostol-du table-DAT nee-re-n put-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man put the book on the table.’ |
★ | PUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
6 |
(7) Bejetken d’olovo okoshkoli nodaaren. bejetken boy d’olo-vo stone-ACC okoshko-li window-PROL nodaa-re-n throw-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy threw the stone into the window.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V |
7 |
(8) Bejetken knigava alagumnidu emevren. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-du teacher-DAT eme-v-re-n come-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy brought the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
8 |
(9) Bejetken knigava alagumnila / tatkittula ŋenevd’ečen. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-la teacher-LOC / / tatkit-tula school-LOC ŋene-v-d’eče-n go-CAUS-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy carried the book to the teacher / to school.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V |
9 |
(10) Bejetken knigava alagumnila / tatkittula ungčen. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-la teacher-LOC / / tatkit-tula school-LOC ung-če-n send-AOR-3SG ‘The boy sent the book to the teacher/to school.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V |
10 |
(11) Bejetken knigava alagumnidu buuren. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-du teacher-DAT buu-re-n give-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy gave the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
11 |
(12) Bejetken knigava alagumnidu ičevkenen. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-du teacher-DAT iče-vken-e-n see-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy showed the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
12 |
(13) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk garan. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL ga-ra-n take-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy got the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
13 |
(14) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk d’oromoron. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL d’oromo-ro-n steal-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy stole the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
14 |
(15) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk d’ajaran. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL d’aja-ra-n hide-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy hid the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
15 |
(16) Bejetken knigaduk stranitsava etytten. bejetken boy kniga-duk book-ABL stranitsa-va page-ACC etyt-te-n tear-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy tore the page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
16 |
(17) Bejetken tetygeduk n’aŋn’ava tesiren. bejetken boy tetyge-duk cloth-ABL n’aŋn’a-va dirt-ACC tesi-re-n wipe-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy wiped the dirt from the cloth.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
17 |
(18) Bejetken kolobovo purtat mineren. bejetken boy kolobo-vo bread-ACC purta-t knife-INSTR mine-re-n cut-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy cut the bread with the knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
18 |
(19) Bejetken kulinma mokandi ilečečen. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR ileče-če-n touch-AOR-3SG ‘The boy touched the snake with the stick .’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
19 |
(20) Bejetken kulinma mokandi ikteren. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR ikte-re-n hit-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy hit the snake with the stick .’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
20 |
(21) Bejetken kulinma mokandi iktud’ečen. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR iktu-d’eče-n beat-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy beat the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
21 |
(22) Bejetken kulinma mokandi vaaren. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR vaa-re-n kill-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
22 |
(23) Bejetken oknovo d’olot sukčaran. bejetken boy okno-vo window-ACC d’olo-t stone-INSTR sukča-ra-n break-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy broke the window with the stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
23 |
(24) Beje d’uuva mooduk ooran. beje man d’uu-va house-ACC moo-duk wood-ABL oo-ra-n make-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man built the house of timber.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
24 |
(25) Beje bejetkenme dulbundi gerbitten (gerbičen). beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC dulbun-di fool-INSTR gerbit-te-n call-NONFUT-3SG (gerbi-če-n) (call-AOR-3SG) ‘The man called the boy a fool.’ |
★ | NAME |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
25 |
(26) Beje bejetkendu ted’eve guunen. beje man bejetken-du boy-DAT ted’e-ve truth-ACC guun-e-n say-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man said truth to the boy.’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
26 |
(27) Beje bejetkentyki tepkeren. beje man bejetken-tyki boy-ALL tepke-re-n shout-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man shouted to the boy.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-all V |
27 |
(28) Beje ulgurve bejetkendu ulgučenen. beje man ulgur-ve story-ACC bejetken-du boy-DAT ulgučen-e-n tell-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man told a story to the boy.’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
28 |
(29) Bejetken bejeve ejetčen meŋurve buuden. bejetken boy beje-ve man-ACC ejet-če-n ask-AOR-3SG meŋur-ve money-ACC buu-de-n give-PURP-3SG ‘The boy asked the man for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
29 |
(30) Beje bejetkennun agili ulgučemetten. beje man bejetken-nun boy-COMIT agi-li taiga-PROL ulguče-met-te-n talk-RECIPR-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man talked to the boy about the taiga.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-prol 3-com V |
30 |
(31) Beje tar bejetkenme saačan. beje man tar that bejetken-me boy-ACC saa-ča-n know-AOR-3SG ‘The man knew the boy.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
31 |
(32) Beje bejetkenme ičeren. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC iče-re-n see-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man saw the boy.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
32 |
(33) Beje bejetkenme ičetten. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC ičet-te-n look.at-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man looked at the boy.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
33 |
(34) Beje bejetkenme ŋeelevkenen. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC ŋeele-vken-e-n fear-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man frightened the boy.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
34 |
(35) Bejetken bejeduk ŋeeletčečen. bejetken boy beje-duk man-ABL ŋeelet-čeče-n fear-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy feared the man.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-abl V |
35 |
(36) Bejetken bejeve ajavd’ačan. bejetken boy beje-ve man-ACC ajav-d’ača-n like-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy liked the man.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
36 |
(37) Beje bejetkenme gelekted’ečen. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC gelekte-d’eče-n look.for-IPFV-3SG ‘The man searched for the boy .’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
37 |
(38) Beje hunatpa arčaran. beje man hunat-pa girl-ACC arča-ra-n meet-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man met the girl.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
38 |
(39) Beje hunatpa bodod’očon. beje man hunat-pa girl-ACC bodo-d’očo-n follow-IPFV-3SG ‘The man followed the girl.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
39 |
(40) Beje hunattu beleren. beje man hunat-tu girl-DAT bele-re-n help-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man helped the girl.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dat V |
40 |
(41) Beje kolobovo d’epten. beje man kolobo-vo bread-ACC d’ep-te-n eat-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man ate the bread.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
41 |
(42) Beje kuŋakanme tetyvren. beje man kuŋakan-me child-ACC tet-yv-re-n dress-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man dressed the child.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
42 |
(43) Beje kuŋakanme avran. beje man kuŋakan-me child-ACC av-ra-n wash-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man washed the child.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
43 |
(44) Beje simkitčan. beje man simkit-ča-n cough-AOR-3SG ‘The man coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
44 |
(45) Beje urele tuktyren. beje man ure-le mountain-LOC tukty-re-n climb-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man climbed (up) the hill.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
45 |
(46) Beje dunnedu tegeren. beje man dunne-du ground-DAT tege-re-n sit.down-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man sat down (on the floor).’ |
★ | SIT DOWN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dat V |
46 |
(47) Beje dunnedu tegetčečen. beje man dunne-du ground-DAT tege-t-čeče-n sit-PROC-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man sat (= was sitting) (on the floor).’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dat V |
47 |
(48) Kuŋakan agili tuksad’aran. kuŋakan child agi-li taiga-PROL tuksa-d’ara-n run-PRES-3SG ‘The child is running in the forest.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-prol V |
48 |
(49) Kuŋakan poldula mikčanen. kuŋakan child pol-dula floor-LOC mikčan-e-n jump-NONFUT-3SG ‘The child jumped on the floor.’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
49 |
(50) Bejetken ikenme iked’ečen. bejetken boy iken-me song-ACC ike-d’eče-n sing-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy sang (a song).’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
50 |
(51) Bejetken gulesegdu bid’ečen. bejetken boy guleseg-du village-DAT bi-d’eče-n be-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy lived (in the village).’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dat V |
51 |
(52) Bejetken hoktodu ičevullen. bejetken boy hokto-du road-DAT iče-vu-l-le-n see-PASS-INCEP-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy appeared on the road.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dat V |
52 |
(53) Ŋalev enuud’eren. Ŋale-v arm-1SG.POSS enuu-d’ere-n ache-PRES-3SG ‘My arm hurts (me).’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
53 |
(54) Beje bučen. beje man bu-če-n die-AOR-3SG ‘The man died.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
54 |
(55) Beje dunnele bururen. beje man dunne-le ground-LOC buru-re-n fall-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man fell (on the ground).’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
55 |
(56) Bejetken doŋotoron. bejetken boy doŋoto-ro-n freeze-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy froze.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
56 |
(57) Bejetken d’emmud’ečen. bejetken boy d’em-mu-d’eče-n eat-want-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy was hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
57 |
(58) (Udun) udund’ečen. (udun) (rain) udun-d’eče-n rain-IPFV-3SG ‘It rained.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
58 |
(59) Bejetken gulesegduk sururen. bejetken boy guleseg-duk village-ABL suru-re-n go-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy went (from the village).’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-abl V |
59 |
(60) Eni hutevi kumleren. eni mother hute-vi child-REFL.POSS kumle-re-n hug-NONFUT-3SG ‘The mother hugged her child.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
60 |
(61) Homooty bejetkenme ŋosiktačan. homooty bear bejetken-me boy-ACC ŋosikta-ča-n smell-AOR-3SG ‘The bear smelled the boy.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
61 |
(62) Asatken tynive en’ekelivi d’aldad’ečen. asatken girl tynive yesterday en’eke-li-vi grandmother-PROL-REFL.POSS d’alda-d’eče-n think-IPFV-3SG ‘The girl thought about her grandmother yesterday.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-prol V |
62 |
(63) Beje gurgaktavi husčaran. beje man gurgakta-vi beard-REFL.POSS husča-ra-n shave-NONFUT-3SG ‘‘The man shave his beard’.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
63 |
(64) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk d’avaran. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL d’ava-ra-n take-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy took the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | TAKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
64 |
(65) Bejetken mookanduk uldaksava ilečen. bejetken boy mookan-duk stick-ABL uldaksa-va bark-ACC ile-če-n peel-AOR-3SG ‘The boy peeled the bark off the stick.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
65 |
(66) Bi sarimusinim. bi 1SG sarimu-sin-i-m blink-SEMELF-NONFUT-1SG ‘I blinked (my eyes).’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
66 |
(67) Asi unijekittule ŋeneren. asi woman unijekit-tule market-LOC ŋene-re-n go-NONFUT-3SG ‘The woman went to the market.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
67 |
(68) Asatken in’ektellen. asatken girl in’ekte-l-le-n laugh-INCH-NONFUT-3SG ‘The girl laughed.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
68 |
(69) Beje tepkeren. beje man tepke-re-n scream-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man screamed.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
69 |
(70) Kuŋakan evid’eren. kuŋakan child evi-d’ere-n play-PRES-3SG ‘‘The child is playing.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
70 |
(71) Asatkan merged’ečen. asatkan girl merge-d’eče-n be.sad-IPFV-3SG ‘‘The girl was sad’.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
71 |
(72) Mjač sirund’eren. mjač ball sirun-d’ere-n roll-PRES-3SG ‘‘The ball is rolling’.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
72 |
(73) D’av eječen. d’av boat eje-če-n sink-AOR-3SG ‘The boat sank.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
73 |
(74) D’u d’egded’eren. d’u house d’egde-d’ere-n burn-PRES-3SG ‘The house is burning.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
74 |
(75) Dunne olgokin bisin. dunne ground olgokin dry bi-si-n be-PRES-3SG ‘‘The ground is dry’.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
75 |
(76) Tar beje bejumimni bisin. tar that beje man bejumimni hunter bi-si-n be-PRES-3SG ‘This man is a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
76 |
(77) Asal čunmilve duktevundu dukteŋkit dukted’ečetyn. asa-l woman-PL čunmi-l-ve seed-PL-ACC duktevun-du mortar-DAT dukteŋki-t pestle-INSTR dukte-d’eče-tyn grind-IPFV-3PL ‘The women ground the seeds with mortar and pestle.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V |
77 |
(78) Asi kartoshkava uleed’eren. asi woman kartoshka-va potatoes-ACC ulee-d’ere-n dig-PRES-3SG ‘The woman is digging for potatoes.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
78 |
(79) Bejetken asatkanma muule anaran. bejetken boy asatkan-ma girl-ACC muu-le water-LOC ana-ra-n push-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy pushed the girl into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V |
79 |
(80) Atyrkan asatkanme davlavundu alagud’ačan. atyrkan old.woman asatkan-me girl-ACC davlavun-du song-DAT alagu-d’ača-n teach-IPFV-3SG ‘The old lady taught the girl a song.’ |
★ | TEACH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V |
80 |
(81) Bejetken homootyva doldyran. bejetken boy homooty-va bear-ACC doldy-ra-n hear-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy heard the bear.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
81 |
(82) Asal ulleve iriireØ. asa-l woman-PL ulle-ve meat-ACC irii-re-Ø cook-NONFUT-3PL ‘The women cooked the meat.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
82 |
(83) Muu hujud’eren. muu water huju-d’ere-n boil-PRES-3SG ‘The water is boiling.’ |
★ | BOIL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
83 |
(84) Beje hunatpa asilačan. beje man hunat-pa girl-ACC asila-ča-n marry-AOR-3SG ‘The man married the girl.’ |
★ | MARRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
84 |
(85) Beje tar bejetkenme d’ončad’ačan. beje man tar that bejetken-me boy-ACC d’onča-d’ača-n remember-IPFV-3SG ‘The man remembered the boy.’ |
★ | REMEMBER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
85 |
(86) Beje oronmo bejukted’ečen. beje man oron-mo deer-ACC bejukte-d’eče-n hunt-IPFV-3SG ‘The man hunted for deer.’ |
★ | HUNT (FOR) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
86 |
(87) Bejetken gulesegdule emeren. bejetken boy guleseg-dule village-LOC eme-re-n come-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy came (to the village).’ |
★ | COME |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
87 |
(88) Bi udunmum. bi 1SG udun-mu-Ø-m rain-PASS-NFUT-1SG ‘I got soaked in the rain.’ |
★ | RAIN |
an Alternation:
Adversative Passive |
88 |
(89) Hovoko nekunin suruvren Nirumnjaldu. Hovoko Hovoko nekun-in younger.brother-3SG.POSS suru-v-re-n go.away-PASS-NFUT-3SG Nirumnja-l-du Nirumnja-PL-DAT ‘Hovoko's younger brother was led away by the Nirumnjals.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
an Alternation:
Adversative Passive |
89 |
(90) Bejetken alagumniduk sovetja ejetčen. bejetken boy alagumni-duk teacher-ABL sovetja advice ejet-če-n ask-PAST-3SG ‘The boy asked the teacher for advice.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
90 |
(91) Bu bakačavun: kolobo d’oromovčo bičen. bu we baka-ča-vun find-PAST-1PL kolobo bread d’oromo-v-čo steal-PASS-PAST.PART bi-če-n be-PAST-3SG ‘We found out that the bread was stolen.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Personal passive |
91 |
(92) D’un djagda sekteldin dasivča bičen. d’u-n house-3SG djagda pine_tree sekte-l-di-n branch-PL-INSTR-3SG dasi-v-ča cover-PASS-PART bi-če-n be-PAST-3SG ‘His/her house was covered with pine-tree branches.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Personal passive |
92 |
(93) Nuŋartyn mindu soomat ajavuvčatyn. nuŋartyn 3PL min-du 1SG-DAT soomat very.much ajavu-v-ča-tyn love/like-PASS-PAST-3PL ‘I liked them very much.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Personal passive |
93 |
(94) Tar d’u d’egdyvren. tar that d’u house d’egdy-v-re-n burn-PASS-NONFUT-3SG ‘That house was/got burned.’ |
★ | BURN |
an Alternation:
Personal passive |
94 |
(95) Nuŋanŋin ŋaalen soot vaapča bisin. nuŋanŋin 3SG ŋaale-n hand-3SG soot very vaa-p-ča kill/hurt-PASS-PAST.PART bi-si-n be-PRES-3SG ‘His hand was hurt very much.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Decausative |
95 |
(96) D’av sukčavran. d’av boat sukča-v-ra-n break-DECAUS/PASS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boat broke (by itself; spontaneously).’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Decausative |
96 |
(97) Uluki (hurkeken-du) vaavren. uluki squirrel (hurkeken-du) (boy-DAT) vaa-v-re-n kill-PASS-NFUT-3SG ‘The squirrel was killed (by the boy).’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Personal passive |
97 |
(98) Nuŋartyn (memegilver) vaamatte. nuŋartyn 3PL (memegilver) (each.other) vaa-mat-te-Ø kill-RECIPR-NONFUT-3PL ‘They killed each other.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
98 |
(99) Taril bejel memegildukver ŋeelemetčere. tar-il that-PL beje-l man-PL memegil<duk>ver each.other<ABL> ŋeele-met-čere-Ø be_afraid-RECIPR-PRES-3PL ‘Those people are afraid of each other.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
99 |
(100) Nuŋan upkattuk ŋeelet-če-vki (ile) bisin. nuŋan 3SG upkat-tuk all-ABL ŋeelet-če-vki fear-RESULT-HAB.PART (ile) (person) bi-si-n. be-PRES-3SG ‘He/she is always afraid of all other people.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
100 |
(101) Bejetken berkenin d’udu d’ajučad’aran. bejetken boy berken-in bow-3SG.POSS d’u-du house-DAT d’aju-ča-d’ara-n. hide-RESULT-PRES-3SG ‘The boy's bow is hidden in the house.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
101 |
(102) Butun muuli d’ukegečinduli sirunčed’eren. butun beetle muu-li water-PROL d’uke-gečin-duli ice-AS.IF-PROL sirun-če-d’ere-n. roll-RESULT-PRES-3SG ‘The beetle is moving on the (surface of the) water as if on ice.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
102 |
(103) Nuŋartyn memegilduver d’ulvar oomatta. nuŋartyn they memegil<du>ver each.other<DAT> d’u-l-var house-PL-POSS oo-mat-ta-Ø make-RECIPR-NONFUT-3PL ‘They built houses for each other.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
103 |
(104) Taril bejel memegilnunmer guumetčere. tar-il that-PL beje-l man-PL memegil<nun>mer each.other<COMIT> guu-met-čere-Ø say-RECIPR-PRES-3PL ‘Those people are talking with each other.’ |
★ | SAY |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
104 |
(105) Evenkil tykin lučadyldi gerbildi gerbitmetčere. Evenki-l Evenk-PL tykin now lučady-l-di Russian-PL-INSTR gerbi-l-di name-PL-INSTR gerbit-met-čere-Ø name-RECIPR-PRES-3PL ‘Evenks now call each other by Russian names.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
105 |
(106) Asal memegiltykiver tepkemetčere. asa-l woman-PL memegil<tyki>ver each.other<ALL> tepke-met-čere-Ø shout-RECIPR-PRES-3PL ‘The women are shouting at/to each other.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
106 |
(107) Asatkar ookinda memegilduver belemetčere. asatka-r girl-PL ookin-da always-? memegil<du>ver each.other<DAT> bele-met-čere-Ø help-RECIPR-PRES-3PL ‘The girls always help each other.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
107 |
(108) Bejetker memegilduliver d’aldamatčere. bejetke-r boy-PL memegil<duli>ver each.other<PROL> d’alda-mat-čere-Ø think-RECIPR-PRES-3PL ‘The boys are thinking of each other.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
108 |
(109) Bejetken bejeduk ejetčen meŋurve buuden. bejetken boy beje-duk man-ABL ejet-če-n ask-AOR-3SG meŋur-ve money-ACC buu-de-n give-PURP-3SG ‘The boy asked the man for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR | the Verb form ejet- | 109 |