Adversative Passive

Description

Derivatives with the passive suffix -v with a few weather verbs and a verb of motion suru- ‘go away/ leave’ denote that a human patient expressed by the subject is subject to a certain atmospheric phenomenon (or leaving the place) considered as adversative to this person.

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Participants in Basic CF:

Verb meaning	Verb form	Occurs	arg_count	Basic Coding frame
RAIN	udun-	MMarginally	1	1-nom V (58) (Udun) udund’ečen. (udun) (rain) udun-d’eče-n rain-IPFV-3SG ‘It rained.’ ★
BE HUNGRY	d’em-mu-	NNever	1	1-nom V (57) Bejetken d’emmud’ečen. bejetken boy d’em-mu-d’eče-n eat-want-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy was hungry.’ ★
FEEL COLD	doŋoto-	MMarginally	1	1-nom V (56) Bejetken doŋotoron. bejetken boy doŋoto-ro-n freeze-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy froze.’ ★
FALL	buru-	NNever	1	1-nom V (55) Beje dunnele bururen. beje man dunne-le ground-LOC buru-re-n fall-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man fell (on the ground).’ ★
DIE	bu-	NNever	1	1-nom V (54) Beje bučen. beje man bu-če-n die-AOR-3SG ‘The man died.’ ★
FEEL PAIN	enuu-	NNever	1	1-nom V (53) Ŋalev enuud’eren. Ŋale-v arm-1SG.POSS enuu-d’ere-n ache-PRES-3SG ‘My arm hurts (me).’ ★
APPEAR	iče-vu-l-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-dat V (52) Bejetken hoktodu ičevullen. bejetken boy hokto-du road-DAT iče-vu-l-le-n see-PASS-INCEP-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy appeared on the road.’ ★
LIVE	bi-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-dat V (51) Bejetken gulesegdu bid’ečen. bejetken boy guleseg-du village-DAT bi-d’eče-n be-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy lived (in the village).’ ★
SING	ike-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (50) Bejetken ikenme iked’ečen. bejetken boy iken-me song-ACC ike-d’eče-n sing-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy sang (a song).’ ★
JUMP	mikčan-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-loc V (49) Kuŋakan poldula mikčanen. kuŋakan child pol-dula floor-LOC mikčan-e-n jump-NONFUT-3SG ‘The child jumped on the floor.’ ★
RUN	tuksa-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-prol V (48) Kuŋakan agili tuksad’aran. kuŋakan child agi-li taiga-PROL tuksa-d’ara-n run-PRES-3SG ‘The child is running in the forest.’ ★
SIT	tege-t-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-dat V (47) Beje dunnedu tegetčečen. beje man dunne-du ground-DAT tege-t-čeče-n sit-PROC-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man sat (= was sitting) (on the floor).’ ★
SIT DOWN	tege-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-dat V (46) Beje dunnedu tegeren. beje man dunne-du ground-DAT tege-re-n sit.down-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man sat down (on the floor).’ ★
CLIMB	tukty-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-loc V (45) Beje urele tuktyren. beje man ure-le mountain-LOC tukty-re-n climb-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man climbed (up) the hill.’ ★
COUGH	simkit-	NNever	1	1-nom V (44) Beje simkitčan. beje man simkit-ča-n cough-AOR-3SG ‘The man coughed.’ ★
WASH	av-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (43) Beje kuŋakanme avran. beje man kuŋakan-me child-ACC av-ra-n wash-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man washed the child.’ ★
DRESS	tet-yv--	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (42) Beje kuŋakanme tetyvren. beje man kuŋakan-me child-ACC tet-yv-re-n dress-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man dressed the child.’ ★
EAT	d’ep-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (41) Beje kolobovo d’epten. beje man kolobo-vo bread-ACC d’ep-te-n eat-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man ate the bread.’ ★
HELP	bele-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-dat V (40) Beje hunattu beleren. beje man hunat-tu girl-DAT bele-re-n help-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man helped the girl.’ ★
FOLLOW	bodo-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (39) Beje hunatpa bodod’očon. beje man hunat-pa girl-ACC bodo-d’očo-n follow-IPFV-3SG ‘The man followed the girl.’ ★
MEET	asila- (1)	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (38) Beje hunatpa arčaran. beje man hunat-pa girl-ACC arča-ra-n meet-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man met the girl.’ ★
SEARCH FOR	gelekte-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (37) Beje bejetkenme gelekted’ečen. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC gelekte-d’eče-n look.for-IPFV-3SG ‘The man searched for the boy .’ ★
LIKE	ajav-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (36) Bejetken bejeve ajavd’ačan. bejetken boy beje-ve man-ACC ajav-d’ača-n like-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy liked the man.’ ★
FEAR	Ŋeelet-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-abl V (35) Bejetken bejeduk ŋeeletčečen. bejetken boy beje-duk man-ABL ŋeelet-čeče-n fear-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy feared the man.’ ★
FRIGHTEN	ŋeele-vken-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (34) Beje bejetkenme ŋeelevkenen. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC ŋeele-vken-e-n fear-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man frightened the boy.’ ★
LOOK AT	ičet-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (33) Beje bejetkenme ičetten. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC ičet-te-n look.at-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man looked at the boy.’ ★
SEE	iče-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (32) Beje bejetkenme ičeren. beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC iče-re-n see-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man saw the boy.’ ★
KNOW	saa-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (31) Beje tar bejetkenme saačan. beje man tar that bejetken-me boy-ACC saa-ča-n know-AOR-3SG ‘The man knew the boy.’ ★
TALK	ulgučen- (2)	NNever	3	1-nom 2-prol 3-com V (30) Beje bejetkennun agili ulgučemetten. beje man bejetken-nun boy-COMIT agi-li taiga-PROL ulguče-met-te-n talk-RECIPR-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man talked to the boy about the taiga.’ ★
ASK FOR	ejet-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V (29) Bejetken bejeve ejetčen meŋurve buuden. bejetken boy beje-ve man-ACC ejet-če-n ask-AOR-3SG meŋur-ve money-ACC buu-de-n give-PURP-3SG ‘The boy asked the man for money.’ ★ (90) Bejetken alagumniduk sovetja ejetčen. bejetken boy alagumni-duk teacher-ABL sovetja advice ejet-če-n ask-PAST-3SG ‘The boy asked the teacher for advice.’ ★
TELL	ulgučen- (1)	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (28) Beje ulgurve bejetkendu ulgučenen. beje man ulgur-ve story-ACC bejetken-du boy-DAT ulgučen-e-n tell-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man told a story to the boy.’ ★
SHOUT AT	tepke- (1)	NNever	2	1-nom 2-all V (27) Beje bejetkentyki tepkeren. beje man bejetken-tyki boy-ALL tepke-re-n shout-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man shouted to the boy.’ ★
SAY	guun-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (26) Beje bejetkendu ted’eve guunen. beje man bejetken-du boy-DAT ted’e-ve truth-ACC guun-e-n say-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man said truth to the boy.’ ★
NAME	gerbit-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (25) Beje bejetkenme dulbundi gerbitten (gerbičen). beje man bejetken-me boy-ACC dulbun-di fool-INSTR gerbit-te-n call-NONFUT-3SG (gerbi-če-n) (call-AOR-3SG) ‘The man called the boy a fool.’ ★
BUILD	oo-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (24) Beje d’uuva mooduk ooran. beje man d’uu-va house-ACC moo-duk wood-ABL oo-ra-n make-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man built the house of timber.’ ★
BREAK	sukča-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (23) Bejetken oknovo d’olot sukčaran. bejetken boy okno-vo window-ACC d’olo-t stone-INSTR sukča-ra-n break-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy broke the window with the stone.’ ★
KILL	vaa-	MMarginally	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (22) Bejetken kulinma mokandi vaaren. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR vaa-re-n kill-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’ ★
BEAT	iktu-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (21) Bejetken kulinma mokandi iktud’ečen. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR iktu-d’eče-n beat-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy beat the snake with the stick.’ ★
HIT	ikte-	MMarginally	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (20) Bejetken kulinma mokandi ikteren. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR ikte-re-n hit-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy hit the snake with the stick .’ ★
TOUCH	Ileče-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (19) Bejetken kulinma mokandi ilečečen. bejetken boy kulin-ma snake-ACC mokan-di stick-INSTR ileče-če-n touch-AOR-3SG ‘The boy touched the snake with the stick .’ ★
CUT	mine-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (18) Bejetken kolobovo purtat mineren. bejetken boy kolobo-vo bread-ACC purta-t knife-INSTR mine-re-n cut-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy cut the bread with the knife.’ ★
WIPE	tesi-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (17) Bejetken tetygeduk n’aŋn’ava tesiren. bejetken boy tetyge-duk cloth-ABL n’aŋn’a-va dirt-ACC tesi-re-n wipe-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy wiped the dirt from the cloth.’ ★
TEAR	etyt-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (16) Bejetken knigaduk stranitsava etytten. bejetken boy kniga-duk book-ABL stranitsa-va page-ACC etyt-te-n tear-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy tore the page from the book.’ ★
HIDE	d’aja-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (15) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk d’ajaran. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL d’aja-ra-n hide-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy hid the book from the teacher.’ ★
STEAL	d’oromo-	MMarginally	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (14) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk d’oromoron. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL d’oromo-ro-n steal-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy stole the book from the teacher.’ ★
GET	ga-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (13) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk garan. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL ga-ra-n take-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy got the book from the teacher.’ ★
SHOW	iče-vken-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (12) Bejetken knigava alagumnidu ičevkenen. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-du teacher-DAT iče-vken-e-n see-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy showed the book to the teacher.’ ★
GIVE	buu-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (11) Bejetken knigava alagumnidu buuren. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-du teacher-DAT buu-re-n give-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy gave the book to the teacher.’ ★
SEND	ung-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V (10) Bejetken knigava alagumnila / tatkittula ungčen. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-la teacher-LOC / / tatkit-tula school-LOC ung-če-n send-AOR-3SG ‘The boy sent the book to the teacher/to school.’ ★
CARRY	Ŋene-v-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V (9) Bejetken knigava alagumnila / tatkittula ŋenevd’ečen. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-la teacher-LOC / / tatkit-tula school-LOC ŋene-v-d’eče-n go-CAUS-IPFV-3SG ‘The boy carried the book to the teacher / to school.’ ★
BRING	eme-v-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (8) Bejetken knigava alagumnidu emevren. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-du teacher-DAT eme-v-re-n come-CAUS-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy brought the book to the teacher.’ ★
THROW	nodaa-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V (7) Bejetken d’olovo okoshkoli nodaaren. bejetken boy d’olo-vo stone-ACC okoshko-li window-PROL nodaa-re-n throw-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy threw the stone into the window.’ ★
PUT	nee-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (6) Beje knigava ostoldu neeren. beje man kniga-va book-ACC ostol-du table-DAT nee-re-n put-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man put the book on the table.’ ★
POUR	uŋku-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (5) Beje muuve tygedu uŋkuren. beje man muu-ve water-ACC tyge-du bowel-DAT uŋku-re-n pour-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man poured the water into the glass.’ ★
TIE	ui-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (4) Beje morinma moodu uiren. beje man morin-ma horse-ACC moo-du tree-DAT ui-re-n tie-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man tied the horse to the tree.’ ★
LOAD	tev-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (3) Beje oroktovo iruktavundu tevren. beje man orokto-vo hay-ACC iruktavun-du cart-DAT tev-re-n load-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man loaded the hay on the cart.’ ★
FILL	d’alupki-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (2) Beje stakanma muut d’alupkiran. beje man stakan-ma glass-ACC muu-t water-INSTR d’alupki-ra-n fill-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man filled the glass with water .’ ★
COVER	das-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (1) Beje tar kuŋakanme hullat dastan. beje man tar that kuŋakan-me child-ACC hulla-t blanket-INSTR das-ta-n cover-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man covered the child with the blanket.’ ★
LEAVE	suru-	MMarginally	2	1-nom 2-abl V (59) Bejetken gulesegduk sururen. bejetken boy guleseg-duk village-ABL suru-re-n go-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy went (from the village).’ ★
HUG	kumle-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (60) Eni hutevi kumleren. eni mother hute-vi child-REFL.POSS kumle-re-n hug-NONFUT-3SG ‘The mother hugged her child.’ ★
SMELL	Ŋosukta-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (61) Homooty bejetkenme ŋosiktačan. homooty bear bejetken-me boy-ACC ŋosikta-ča-n smell-AOR-3SG ‘The bear smelled the boy.’ ★
THINK	d'alda-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-prol V (62) Asatken tynive en’ekelivi d’aldad’ečen. asatken girl tynive yesterday en’eke-li-vi grandmother-PROL-REFL.POSS d’alda-d’eče-n think-IPFV-3SG ‘The girl thought about her grandmother yesterday.’ ★
SHAVE (a body part/person)	husča-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (63) Beje gurgaktavi husčaran. beje man gurgakta-vi beard-REFL.POSS husča-ra-n shave-NONFUT-3SG ‘‘The man shave his beard’.’ ★
TAKE	d'ava-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (64) Bejetken knigava alagumniduk d’avaran. bejetken boy kniga-va book-ACC alagumni-duk teacher-ABL d’ava-ra-n take-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy took the book from the teacher.’ ★
PEEL	ile-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V (65) Bejetken mookanduk uldaksava ilečen. bejetken boy mookan-duk stick-ABL uldaksa-va bark-ACC ile-če-n peel-AOR-3SG ‘The boy peeled the bark off the stick.’ ★
BLINK	sarim-	NNever	1	1-nom V (66) Bi sarimusinim. bi 1SG sarimu-sin-i-m blink-SEMELF-NONFUT-1SG ‘I blinked (my eyes).’ ★
GO	ŋene-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-loc V (67) Asi unijekittule ŋeneren. asi woman unijekit-tule market-LOC ŋene-re-n go-NONFUT-3SG ‘The woman went to the market.’ ★
LAUGH	in’ekte-	NNever	1	1-nom V (68) Asatken in’ektellen. asatken girl in’ekte-l-le-n laugh-INCH-NONFUT-3SG ‘The girl laughed.’ ★
SCREAM	tepke- (2)	NNever	1	1-nom V (69) Beje tepkeren. beje man tepke-re-n scream-NONFUT-3SG ‘The man screamed.’ ★
PLAY	evi-	NNever	1	1-nom V (70) Kuŋakan evid’eren. kuŋakan child evi-d’ere-n play-PRES-3SG ‘‘The child is playing.’ ★
BE SAD	merge-	NNever	1	1-nom V (71) Asatkan merged’ečen. asatkan girl merge-d’eče-n be.sad-IPFV-3SG ‘‘The girl was sad’.’ ★
ROLL	sirun-	NNever	1	1-nom V (72) Mjač sirund’eren. mjač ball sirun-d’ere-n roll-PRES-3SG ‘‘The ball is rolling’.’ ★
SINK	eje-	NNever	1	1-nom V (73) D’av eječen. d’av boat eje-če-n sink-AOR-3SG ‘The boat sank.’ ★
BURN	d’egde-	MMarginally	1	1-nom V (74) D’u d’egded’eren. d’u house d’egde-d’ere-n burn-PRES-3SG ‘The house is burning.’ ★
BE DRY	olgokin bi-	NNever	1	1-nom V (75) Dunne olgokin bisin. dunne ground olgokin dry bi-si-n be-PRES-3SG ‘‘The ground is dry’.’ ★
BE A HUNTER	bejumimni bi-	NNever	1	1-nom V (76) Tar beje bejumimni bisin. tar that beje man bejumimni hunter bi-si-n be-PRES-3SG ‘This man is a hunter.’ ★
GRIND	huku-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V (77) Asal čunmilve duktevundu dukteŋkit dukted’ečetyn. asa-l woman-PL čunmi-l-ve seed-PL-ACC duktevun-du mortar-DAT dukteŋki-t pestle-INSTR dukte-d’eče-tyn grind-IPFV-3PL ‘The women ground the seeds with mortar and pestle.’ ★
DIG	ulee-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (78) Asi kartoshkava uleed’eren. asi woman kartoshka-va potatoes-ACC ulee-d’ere-n dig-PRES-3SG ‘The woman is digging for potatoes.’ ★
PUSH	ana-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V (79) Bejetken asatkanma muule anaran. bejetken boy asatkan-ma girl-ACC muu-le water-LOC ana-ra-n push-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy pushed the girl into the water.’ ★
TEACH	alagu-	NNever	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V (80) Atyrkan asatkanme davlavundu alagud’ačan. atyrkan old.woman asatkan-me girl-ACC davlavun-du song-DAT alagu-d’ača-n teach-IPFV-3SG ‘The old lady taught the girl a song.’ ★
HEAR	dooldy-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (81) Bejetken homootyva doldyran. bejetken boy homooty-va bear-ACC doldy-ra-n hear-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy heard the bear.’ ★
COOK	irii-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (82) Asal ulleve iriireØ. asa-l woman-PL ulle-ve meat-ACC irii-re-Ø cook-NONFUT-3PL ‘The women cooked the meat.’ ★
BOIL	huju-	NNever	1	1-nom V (83) Muu hujud’eren. muu water huju-d’ere-n boil-PRES-3SG ‘The water is boiling.’ ★
MARRY	asila- (2)	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (84) Beje hunatpa asilačan. beje man hunat-pa girl-ACC asila-ča-n marry-AOR-3SG ‘The man married the girl.’ ★
REMEMBER	d’onča-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (85) Beje tar bejetkenme d’ončad’ačan. beje man tar that bejetken-me boy-ACC d’onča-d’ača-n remember-IPFV-3SG ‘The man remembered the boy.’ ★
HUNT (FOR)	bejukte-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (86) Beje oronmo bejukted’ečen. beje man oron-mo deer-ACC bejukte-d’eče-n hunt-IPFV-3SG ‘The man hunted for deer.’ ★
COME	eme-	NNever	2	1-nom 2-loc V (87) Bejetken gulesegdule emeren. bejetken boy guleseg-dule village-LOC eme-re-n come-NONFUT-3SG ‘The boy came (to the village).’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.