A transitive verb that normally takes an agent and an optional instrument, means or medium appears with the instrument or means as subject, e.g. The key opened the door, The hammer broke the window, Water filled the tub (Levin 1993: 80). Differs from a Middle with an instrument subject in that the former is confined to generic interpretations.
| Verb Meaning | Verb form | Basic coding frame | Derived coding frame | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
