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Verb meanings
Show all Verb meanings
or select one of the 80 core meanings:
ASK FOR
BE A HUNTER
BEAT
BE DRY
BE HUNGRY
BE SAD
BLINK
BOIL
BREAK
BRING
BUILD
BURN
CARRY
CLIMB
COOK
COUGH
COVER
CUT
DIE
DIG
DRESS
EAT
FEAR
FEEL COLD
FEEL PAIN
FILL
FOLLOW
FRIGHTEN
GIVE
GO
GRIND
HEAR
HELP
HIDE
HIT
HUG
JUMP
KILL
KNOW
LAUGH
LEAVE
LIKE
LIVE
LOAD
LOOK AT
MEET
NAME
PEEL
PLAY
POUR
PUSH
PUT
RAIN
ROLL
RUN
SAY
SCREAM
SEARCH FOR
SEE
SEND
SHAVE (a body part/person)
SHOUT AT
SHOW
SING
SINK
SIT
SIT DOWN
SMELL
STEAL
TAKE
TALK
TEACH
TEAR
TELL
THINK
THROW
TIE
TOUCH
WASH
WIPE
All Coding frames
Microroles
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Data set for Emai
(zipped TSV files)
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Data set for all languages
(zipped SQLite3 file)
Emai
Verb forms
Show all 108 Verb forms
or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
ASK FOR
(no counterpart)
BE A HUNTER
no verbal counterpart
BEAT
gbe (2)
BE DRY
ka
BE HUNGRY
òhànmì gbe
BE SAD
no direct counterpart
BLINK
gbe ẹ̀ò
BOIL
tin
BREAK
gbe a, gboo ku a, guọghọ
BRING
V re
BUILD
hu, zẹ(2)
BURN
(no counterpart)
CARRY
nwu
CLIMB
hẹẹn
COOK
nyẹ, vbie
COUGH
kẹnhẹn
COVER
voo
CUT
bẹnnọ, hian
DIE
u
DIG
tọn, vun
DRESS
ku ọ
EAT
e
FEAR
ófẹ̀n nwu
FEEL COLD
úììn gbe
FEEL PAIN
to (1)
FILL
khaan, vọọn
FOLLOW
rẹkhaẹn
FRIGHTEN
niaa
GIVE
V li
GO
lodẹ
GRIND
lọ
HEAR
họn
HELP
kpayẹ óbọ̀
HIDE
V hee
HIT
fi (1)
HUG
tutu nwu
JUMP
san, vbọọ
KILL
gbe (1), gboo
KNOW
ẹẹn, guẹ
LAUGH
jẹ
LEAVE
shọọ re, zá raalẹ
LIKE
ẹghẹn
LIVE
dia (2)
LOAD
hee, maa
LOOK AT
ghoo
MEET
ga ze
NAME
no direct counterpart
PEEL
bolo, fọlọ
PLAY
doo, sie
POUR
ọọn ọ́
PUSH
sua
PUT
V ọ
RAIN
àmẹ̀ rọọn
ROLL
(no counterpart)
RUN
la
SAY
ẹ ọ́í
SCREAM
(no counterpart)
SEARCH FOR
hoo (1)
SEE
miẹ
SEND
ye, ye úhùnmì
SHAVE (a body part/person)
zẹ (1)
SHOUT AT
khuee
SHOW
rẹ vbiẹẹ
SING
so
SINK
de o
SIT
dia (1)
SIT DOWN
(no counterpart)
SMELL
yaa
STEAL
do V
TAKE
miẹẹ (1)
TALK
ta étà, vbayẹ
TEACH
vbiẹẹ
TEAR
nya a
TELL
ẹ, gue, kpe (1)
THINK
oo
THROW
fi (2)
TIE
din, gba, gba íì
TOUCH
rẹ óbọ̀ so
WASH
khọọ, kpe (2)
WIPE
kalọ
Coding frames
Coding sets
Alternations
Examples
Basic Coding frame
1
>
V
>
2
#
Coding set
Argument type
1
Ø
A
2
Ø
P
Derived Coding frames
via
1
>
V'
>
2
> lí+
3
Applicative
li
insertion
1
> re+
4
>
V'
>
2
Instrument insertion
1
>
V'
>
2
> ye+
5
Allative insertion
2
>
V'
Ambitransitive
1
>
V'
>
2
> vbiee+
3
Addressee
vbiee
insertion
1
>
V'
>
2
> vbi+
6
+re
Elative insertion
1
>
V'
>
2
> o+vbi+
5
Locative change of state
1
>
V'
Locative omission
Object omission
1
>
V'
>
2
> fi/ku+e+
5
Projected adherence insertion
1
>
V'
>
2
> li+
3
+hon
Addressee
li + hon
insertion
Verb forms with this basic Coding frame
Verb form
Verb meaning
Microrole 1
Microrole 2
e
EAT
eater
eaten food
tutu nwu
HUG
hugger
huggee
ghoo
LOOK AT
looker
looked at entity
yaa
SMELL
smeller
smelled entity
miẹ
SEE
seeer
seen entity
niaa
FRIGHTEN
frightener
frightenee
ẹghẹn
LIKE
liked entity
liker
ẹẹn
KNOW
knower
known thing/person
guẹ
KNOW
knower
known thing/person
oo
THINK
thinker
thought content
hoo (1)
SEARCH FOR
searcher
searched for thing
khọọ
WASH
washer
washed entity
zẹ (1)
SHAVE (a body part/person)
shaver (of body part)
shaved body part
kpayẹ óbọ̀
HELP
helper
helpee
rẹkhaẹn
FOLLOW
follower
followee
ga ze
MEET
meeter
met person
khuee
SHOUT AT
shouter
shoutee
kpe (1)
TELL
teller
told content
gue
TELL
teller
told content
zẹ(2)
BUILD
builder
built thing
hu
BUILD
builder
built thing
guọghọ
BREAK
breaker
broken thing
gbe a
BREAK
breaker
broken thing
gboo ku a
BREAK
breaker
broken thing
gbe (1)
KILL
killer
killee
gboo
KILL
killer
killee
gbe (2)
BEAT
beater
beatee
rẹ óbọ̀ so
TOUCH
toucher
touchee
hian
CUT
cutter
cut thing
bẹnnọ
CUT
cutter
cut thing
nya a
TEAR
tearer
torn thing
bolo
PEEL
peeler
peeled object
fọlọ
PEEL
peeler
peeled object
V hee
HIDE
hider
hidden thing
ye
SEND
sender
sent thing
ye úhùnmì
SEND
sender
sent thing
nwu
CARRY
carrier
carried thing
fi (2)
THROW
thrower
thrown thing
din
TIE
tier
tied thing
gba
TIE
tier
tied thing
gba íì
TIE
tier
tied thing
voo
COVER
coverer
covered thing
vọọn
FILL
filler
filled container
khaan
FILL
filler
filled container
maa
LOAD
loader
loaded thing
hee
LOAD
loader
loaded thing
hẹẹn
CLIMB
climber
climbing goal
so
SING
singer
song
jẹ
LAUGH
laugher
laughed-about thing
to (1)
FEEL PAIN
pain locus
pain-feeler
gbulu
ROLL (tr)
roller (tr)
rolling thing (tr)
ha o
SINK (tr)
sink-(caus)er (tr)
sunken entity (tr)
too
BURN (tr)
burner (tr)
burnt thing (tr)
lọ
GRIND
grinder
ground thing
kalọ
WIPE
wiper
wiping surface
tọn
DIG
digger
dug up thing
vun
DIG
digger
dug up thing
sua
PUSH
pusher
pushee
V re
BRING
bringer
brought thing
do V
STEAL
stealer
stolen thing
họn
HEAR
hearer
heard sound
vbie
COOK
cook causer
cooked food
nyẹ
COOK
cook causer
cooked food
rẹ égbè vbiẹẹ
APPEAR
appearer
appear beneficiary
viẹ
CRY
crier
cried after/for person
ẹhẹn
MAKE
maker
made thing
kpe (2)
WASH
washer
washed entity