gloɾvel

Coding frame

1-nom V.subj[1]

Complex Verb form

Examples

(77)

Gndakə gloɾvum e.

gndak-ə

ball-def

gloɾ-v-um

roll-med-cvb.ipfv

aux.3sg

‘The ball is rolling.’

★

(170)

Hoʁatʰmbi takicʰ ǯɾeɾə gloɾvum ein χrovahujz ev aʁmkum vazum araǯ.

hoʁatʰmb-i

embankment-gen

tak-icʰ

under-abl

ǯɾ-eɾ-ə

water-pl-def

gloɾ-v-um

roll-med-cvb.ipfv

ein

aux.pst.3pl

χrovahujz

agitatedly

jev

and

aʁmk-um

rush-cvb.ipfv

vaz-um

run-cvb.ipfv

araǯ

in.front.of

‘From under the embankment the water was quickly running (=rolling), roaring, running forth.’

★

(169)

Getakn anpʰutʰoɾen gloɾum eɾ iɾ ǯɾeɾə.

getak-n

brook-def

anpʰutʰoɾen

carelessly

gloɾ-um

roll-cvb.ipfv

eɾ

aux.pst.3sg

iɾ

self.gen

ǯɾ-eɾ-ə

water-pl-def

‘The small river was carelessly rolling its water.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	ROLL	Coding set	Argument type
1	rolling entity	NP-nom V.subj	S

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?
C Mediopassive more info	NNever	mediopassive itself	y
C Causative more info	NNever		y
C Causative-Mediopassive more info	NNever		y
U Reciprocal more info	NNever		n
U Object Omission more info	NNever		n
U Internal Object more info	NNever		n
U Contentive more info	NNever		n
U Proprietive more info	NNever		n

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

gloɾvel

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples