lcʰnel

Coding frame

1-nom 2-nomdat LOC3 V.subj[1]

Examples

(7)

Maɾdə ǯuɾə lcʰɾecʰ bažaki meǯ.

maɾd-ə

man-def

ǯuɾ-ə

water-def

lcʰɾ-ecʰ

fill-aor.3sg

bažak-i

glass-gen

meǯ

inside

‘The man poured the water into the glass.’

★

(181)

Maɾdə lcʰɾecʰ bažakə meǯ ǯuɾə.

maɾd-ə

man-def

lcʰɾ-ecʰ

fill-aor.3sg

bažak-ə

glass-def

meǯ

inside

ǯuɾ-ə

water-def

‘The man poured water into the glass.’

★

(196)

Maɾdə lcʰɾecʰ bažaki meǯ ǯuɾə.

maɾd-ə

man-def

lcʰɾ-ecʰ

fill-aor.3sg

bažak-i

glass-gen

meǯ

inside

ǯuɾ-ə

water-def

‘The man poured water into the glass.’

★

Verb meanings , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	FILL	POUR	Coding set	Argument type
1	filler	pourer	NP-nom V.subj	A
2	filled container	pouring goal	NP-nomdat	P
3	filling material	poured substance	LOC	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Examples
C Causative more info	NNever	y
U Contentive more info	MMarginally	n	(3) Maɾdə lcʰɾecʰ bažakə ǯɾov. ‘The man filled the glass with water.’ ★ (6) Maɾdə ǯuɾə lcʰɾecʰ bažakə. ‘The man filled (his) glass with water.’ ★ (180) Majɾə dujlə lcʰɾecʰ ǯɾov. ‘Mom filled a bucket of water.’ ★
C Mediopassive more info	NNever	y
C Causative-Mediopassive more info	NNever	y
U Reciprocal more info	NNever	n
U Object Omission more info	NNever	n
U Internal Object more info	NNever	n
U Proprietive more info	NNever	n

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

lcʰnel

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples