ten

Coding frame

1-erg 2-abs 3-erg V.agt[1].obj[2]

Simplex Verb form

Example

(48)

Chaŋa puchak lauriŋa tenose.

cha-ŋa

child-ERG

puchak

snake

lauri-ŋa

stick-ERG

ten-o-s-e

hit-[3sA.]3[s]P-PRF-IND.PST

‘The child has hit the snake with a stick.’

Verb meanings , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	BEAT	HIT	Coding set	Argument type
1	beater	hitter	NP-erg & V.agt	A
2	beatee	hittee	NP-abs & V.obj	P
3	beating instrument	hitting instrument	NP-erg	I

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U S/P ambitransitivity more info	NNever		n
U S/A detransitivisation more info	RRegularly		n
U Reciprocal ambitransitivity more info	NNever		n
U Theme alternation more info	NNever		n
U Locative/absolutive alternation more info	NNever		n
C Reflexive more info	RRegularly		y
C Reciprocal more info	RRegularly		y		(155) Teĩkateĩ lusinɨŋkha! ‘Let's not beat each other!’ ★
C Passive participle more info	MMarginally		y
C Benefactive more info	RRegularly		y
C Causative more info	MMarginally		y