tsiivá

Coding frame

1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V

Example

(8)

Ováhtsa tsiivá wajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedívu.

ováhtsa

boy

tsiivá

bring

wajácuháámɨ

book

uwáábóóbe-dí-vu

teacher-ANIM-ALL

‘The boy brought the book to the teacher.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	BRING	Coding set	Argument type
1	bringer	NP-nom	A
2	brought thing	NP-acc	P
3	bringing recipient	NP-all	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Causative derivation more info	RRegularly		y	4-nom 1-acc 2-acc 3-all V'tso	(119) Ováhtsake ó tsíívatsóhi wajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedívu. ‘I make the boy bring the book to the teacher.’ ★
C Reciprocal derivation more info	RRegularly	'bring something to each other'	y	1/2-nom (3-all) V'jcatsí
U Secondary object ALL or INST/LOC more info	NNever		n
C Reflexive derivation more info	NNever	suffixation of reflexive marker -mei possible, but results not in a valency change, but in a reading where the agentivity of the subject is deranked, translated by native speakers as 'do x poorly'	y
U Instrument alternation more info	NNever		n