Examples of Bora
Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Wajpi tsɨ́ɨ́méneke wátajcó cobííjavu. wajpi man tsɨ́ɨ́méne-ke child-ACC wátajcó cover cobííjya-vu blanket-ALL ‘The man covered the child with the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
1 |
(2) Wajpi wáhpetsó vááso nújpácyotu. wajpi man wáhpe-tsó full-CAUS vááso glass nújpácyo-tu water-ABL ‘The man filled the glass with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
2 |
(3) Wajpi picyóó ájɨ mɨ́ɨ́népañévu. wajpi man picyóó put ájɨ palm_leaves mɨ́ɨ́né canoe pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘The man loaded the hay on the canoe (lit. The man put palm leaves into the canoe).’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
3 |
(4) Wajpi chiácó ɨ́ɨ́juke úméhetu. wajpi man chiácó tie ɨ́ɨ́ju-ke horse-ACC úméhe-tu tree-ABL ‘The man tied the horse to the tree.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
4 |
(5) Wajpi cáhpiñú nújpacyo váásó pañévu. wajpi man cáhpiñú pour nújpacyo water váásó glass pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘The man poured the water into the glass .’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
5 |
(6) Wajpi picyó wajácuháámɨ méétsá hallúvu. wajpi man picyó put wajácuháámɨ book méétsá table hallú-vu top-ALL ‘The man put the book on the table.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
6 |
(7) Ováhtsa waaó nééwau nújpácyó pañévu. ováhtsa boy waaó throw nééwau stone(ACC) nújpácyó water pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘The boy threw the stone into the window.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
7 |
(8) Ováhtsa tsiivá wajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedívu. ováhtsa boy tsiivá bring wajácuháámɨ book uwáábóóbe-dí-vu teacher-ANIM-ALL ‘The boy brought the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
8 |
(9) Ováhtsa tsajtyé wajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedívu. ováhtsa boy tsajtyé carry wajácuháámɨ book uwáábóóbe-dí-vu teacher-ANIM-ALL ‘The boy carried the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
9 |
(10) Ováhtsa tsajtyé wajácuháámɨ uwáábójavu. ováhtsa boy tsajtyé carry wajácuháámɨ book uwáábója-vu school-ALL ‘The boy carried the book to school.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
10 |
(11) Ováhtsa walló wajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedívu. ováhtsa boy walló send wajácuháámɨ book uwáábóóbe-dí-vu teacher-ANIM-ALL ‘The boy sent the book to the teacher .’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
11 |
(12) Ováhtsa walló wajácuháámɨ uwáábójavu. ováhtsa boy walló send wajácuháámɨ book uwáábó-ja-vu teach-house-ALL ‘The boy sent the book to school.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
12 |
(13) Ováhtsa ajcú waajácuháámɨvu uwáábóóbeke. ováhtsa boy ajcú give waajácuháámɨ-vu book-ALL uwáábóóbe-ke teacher-ACC ‘The boy gave the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
13 |
(14) Ováhtsa ɨ́ɨ́tetsó waajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbeke. ováhtsa boy ɨ́ɨ́te-tsó see-CAUS waajácuháámɨ book uwáábóóbe-ke teacher-ACC ‘The boy showed the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
14 |
(15) Ováhtsa ujcú waajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedítyu . ováhtsa boy ujcú take waajácuháámɨ book uwáábóóbe-dí-tyu teacher-ANIM-ABL ‘The boy took the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | TAKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
15 |
(16) Ováhtsa naní waajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedítyu . ováhtsa boy naní steal waajácuháámɨ book uwáábóóbe-dí-tyu teacher-ANIM-ABL ‘The boy stole the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
16 |
(17) Ováhtsa páátanú waajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedítyu. ováhtsa boy páátanú hide waajácuháámɨ book uwáábóóbe-dí-tyu teacher-ANIM-ABL ‘The boy hid the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
17 |
(18) Ováhtsa kídyahɨ́nú páá nɨɨtsúwáwuri. ováhtsa boy kídyahɨ́nú cut páá bread nɨɨtsúwáwu-ri knife-LOC/INST ‘The boy cut the bread with the knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
18 |
(19) Ováhtsa dómajcó ííñímeke úméhékori. ováhtsa boy dómajcó touch ííñíme-ke snake-ACC úméhéco-ri stick-LOC/INST ‘The boy touched the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
19 |
(20) Ováhtsa wádɨ́rɨhjácó ííñímeke (ballóówari). ováhtsa boy wádɨ́rɨhjácó beat.w/stick ííñíme-ke snake-ACC ballóówa-ri stick-LOC/INST ‘The boy hit the snake with the stick .’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
20 |
(21) Ováhtsa wádɨ́rɨhcó ííñímeke (ballóówari). ováhtsa boy wádɨ́rɨhcó beat.w/stick ííñíme-ke snake-ACC ballóówa-ri stick-LOC/INST ‘The boy beat the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
21 |
(22) Ováhtsa dsɨ́jɨ́vetsó ííñímeke ballóówari. ováhtsa boy dsɨ́jɨ́ve-tsó die-CAUS ííñíme-ke snake-ACC ballóówa-ri stick-LOC/INST ‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
22 |
(23) Ováhtsa cápújuhjácó veentáána nééwábyari. ováhtsa boy cápújuhjácó break.w/pointed_object veentáána window nééwábya-ri stone-LOC/INST ‘The boy broke the window with the stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
23 |
(24) Wajpi meenú ja ájɨri. wajpi man meenú make ja house ájɨ-ri palm-LOC/INST ‘The man built the house with palm leaves.’ |
★ | BUILD | the Verb form meenú | 24 |
(25) Wajpi dilló ováhtsake cuhjúbadi. wajpi man dilló name ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC cuhjúba-di fool-ANIM ‘The man called the boy a fool.’ |
★ | NAME |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
25 |
(26) Wajpi néé ováhtsake ''tsáhaá''. wajpi man néé say ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC tsáhaá no ‘The man said to the boy: "no".’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc UTT3 |
26 |
(27) Wajpi (uubállé) uubálle ováhtsake . wajpi man uubállé story uubálle tell ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man told a story to the boy.’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-nom V |
27 |
(28) Ováhtsa táuméí dsɨ́ɨ́dsɨ wajpikye. ováhtsa boy táuméí ask dsɨ́ɨ́dsɨ money(ACC) wajpi-kye man-ACC ‘The boy asked the man for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
28 |
(29) Wajpi ihjyúvá ováhtsama wákyiméiyi. wajpi man ihjyúvá talk ováhtsa-ma boy-SOC wákyiméi-yi work-LOC/INST ‘The man talked to the boy about work.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-soc 3-loc/instr V |
29 |
(30) Wajpi wáájacú ováhtsake. wajpi man wáájacú know ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man knew the boy.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
30 |
(31) Wajpi ɨ́tsaavé ováhtsake. wajpi man ɨ́tsaavé remember ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man remembered the boy.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
31 |
(32) Wajpi ováhtsake ájtyumɨ́. wajpi man ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ájtyumɨ́ see ‘The man saw the boy.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
32 |
(33) Wajpi ɨɨté ováhtsake. wajpi man ɨɨté look ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man looked at the boy.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
33 |
(34) Wajpi íllívyeebó ováhtsake. wajpi man íllívyeebó frighten ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man frightened the boy.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
34 |
(35) Ováhtsa illí wájpike. ováhtsa boy illí fear wájpi-ke man-ACC ‘The boy feared the man.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
35 |
(36) Ováhtsa ímillé wájpikye. ováhtsa boy ímillé like wájpi-kye man-ACC ‘The boy liked the man.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
36 |
(37) Wajpi nehcó ováhtsake. wajpi man nehcó search ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man searched for the boy.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
37 |
(38) Wajpi llííñájá. wajpi man llííñájá hunt ‘The man hunted.’ |
★ | HUNT (FOR) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
38 |
(39) Wajpi táábavá wálleke. wajpi man táába-vá wife-VBLZ.have wálle-ke woman-ACC ‘The man married the girl.’ |
★ | MARRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
39 |
(40) Wajpi ajtyúmɨ́ bádsɨ́jcájake. wajpi man ajtyúmɨ́ meet bádsɨ́jcája-ke girl-ACC ‘The man met (lit. saw) the girl.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
40 |
(41) Wajpi úraavyé bádsɨ́jcájake. wajpi man úraavyé follow bádsɨ́jcája-ke girl-ACC ‘The man followed the girl.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
41 |
(42) Wajpi pɨ́aabó bádsɨ́jcájake. wajpi man pɨ́aabó help bádsɨ́jcája-ke girl-ACC ‘The man helped the girl.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
42 |
(43) Wajpi majchó páá. wajpi man majchó eat páá bread(ACC) ‘The man ate the bread.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
43 |
(44) Wajpi uácó tsɨ́ɨ́méneke. wajpi man uácó dress tsɨ́ɨ́méne-ke child-ACC ‘The man dressed the child.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
44 |
(45) Wajpi nijtyú tsɨ́ɨ́méneke. wajpi man nijtyú wash tsɨ́ɨ́méne-ke child-ACC ‘The man washed the child.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
45 |
(46) Wajpi nijtyámeí. wajpi man nijtyá-meí wash-REFL ‘The man washed himself.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Reflexive derivation |
46 |
(47) Wajpi éjéhtsó. wajpi man éjéhtsó cough ‘The man coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
47 |
(48) Wajpi nériivyé téhbau. wajpi man nériivyé climb téhbau hill ‘The man climbed (up) the hill.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
48 |
(49) Wajpi ácuuvé (baavu). wajpi man ácuuvé sit baa-vu below-ALL ‘The man sat down (on the floor).’ |
★ | SIT DOWN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-all) V |
49 |
(50) Wajpi ácuúcunú (baari). wajpi man ácuúcunú sit baa-ri below-LOC/INST ‘The man sat (on the floor).’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc/instr) V |
50 |
(51) Tsɨɨméne dsɨɨné (baari). tsɨɨméne child dsɨɨné run baa-ri below-LOC/INST ‘The child ran (on the floor).’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
51 |
(52) Tsɨɨméne cátsíñiivyé (baari). tsɨɨméne child cátsíñiivyé jump baa-ri below-LOC/INST ‘The child jumped (on the floor).’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
52 |
(53) Ováhtsa tsáá cóomivu. ováhtsa boy tsáá come cóómi-vu village-ALL ‘The boy came (to the village).’ |
★ | LEAVE | the Verb form tsáá | 53 |
(54) Ováhtsa tsáá cóomitu. ováhtsa boy tsáá come cóomi-tu village-ABL ‘The boy went (from the village).’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-abl V |
54 |
(55) Ováhtsa ícyahíjcá cóomiri. ováhtsa boy ícya-híjcyá be-REP cóomi-ri village-LOC/INST ‘The boy lived (in the village).’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc/instr) V |
55 |
(56) Ováhtsa májtsivá. ováhtsa boy májtsi-vá song-VBLZ.have ‘The boy sang (a song).’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
56 |
(57) Ováhtsa bóhówaavé júúvari. ováhtsa boy bóhówaavé appear júúva-ri road-LOC/INST ‘The boy appeared on the path.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc/instr) V |
57 |
(58) Táñéjuwa oké avyé. táñéjuwa 1SG.POSS_arm o-ké 1SG-ACC avyé hurt ‘My arm hurts (me).’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
58 |
(59) Wajpi dsɨ́jívé. wajpi man dsɨ́jívé die ‘The man died.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
59 |
(60) Wajpi áákityé (baavu). wajpi man áákityé fall baa-vu below-ALL ‘The man fell (on the ground).’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
60 |
(61) Ováhtsa tsuucó. ováhtsa boy tsuucó cold ‘The boy froze (lit. The boy was cold).’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
61 |
(62) Ováhtsa ajyábáávaté. ováhtsa boy ajyábáávaté be_hungry ‘The boy was hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
62 |
(63) Alléne. allé-ne rain-3INAN ‘It rained.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
63 |
(64) Walle wájpikyé wátájcotsó tsɨ́ɨ́méneke cobííjyavu. walle woman wájpii-kyé man-ACC wátájco-tsó cover-CAUS tsɨ́ɨ́méne-ke child-ACC cobííjya-vu blanket-ALL ‘The woman made the man cover the child with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
64 |
(65) Wajpi wátájcameí cobííjyari. wajpi man wátájca-meí cover-REFL cobííjya-ri blanket-LOC/INST ‘The man covered himself with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Reflexive derivation |
65 |
(66) Wajpi wátájcameí cobííjyavu. wajpi man wátájca-meí cover-REFL cobííjya-vu blanket-ALL ‘The man covered himself with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Reflexive derivation |
66 |
(67) Wajpíímu wátácójcatsí cobííjyari. wajpíí-mu man-PL wátácó-jcatsí cover-RECP cobííjya-ri blanket-LOC/INST ‘The men covered each other with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal derivation |
67 |
(68) Wajpi wátacó tsɨ́ɨ́méneke cobííjyari. wajpi man wátacó cover tsɨ́ɨ́méne-ke child-ACC cobííjya-ri blanket-LOC/INST ‘The man covered the child with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER | the Verb form wátájcó | 68 |
(69) Tsɨ́ɨ́mene wátahácunú cobííjya-ri. tsɨ́ɨ́mene child wáta-hácunú cover-MULT.INTR cobííjya-ri blanket-LOC/INST ‘The child was covered with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER | the Verb form wátájcó | 69 |
(70) Tsɨ́ɨ́mene wátáhaavé cobííjyavu. tsɨ́ɨ́mene child wátá-haavé cover-SNG.INTR cobííjya-vu blanket-ALL ‘The child has covered himself with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Reflexive derivation |
70 |
(71) Vááso wahpécunú nújpácyotu. vááso glass wahpé-cunú fill-MULT.INTR nújpácyo-tu water-ABL ‘The glass is full of water.’ |
★ | FILL | the Verb form wahpétsó | 71 |
(72) O dóóhi. o 1SG dóó-hi eat_meat-PRED níívúwa-ke deer-ACC ‘I eat deer.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
72 |
(73) Walle wajpike majchótso páávu. walle woman wajpi-ke man-ACC majchó-tso eat-CAUS páá-vu bread-ALL ‘The woman made the man eat bread.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
73 |
(74) Tsɨ́ɨ́júmuke tsɨɨme ámábiñúhi. tsɨ́ɨ́jú-mu-ke mother-PL-ACC tsɨɨme children ámábiñú-hi hug-PRED ‘The children are hugging the mothers.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
74 |
(75) Oohííbyé árahcó hééco. oohííbyé dog árahcó smell hééco meat(ACC) ‘The dog smells the meat.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
75 |
(76) Táñahbévajtéké ó ɨtsáávehíjcyáhi. táñahbévajté-ké brothers-ACC ó 1SG ɨtsááve-híjcyá-hi think-REP-PRED ‘I think about my brothers.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
76 |
(77) Ó babáñú áátsɨ́ɨ́meke wájyamúúnevu. ó 1SG babáñú dress áátsɨ́ɨ́me-ke my_children-ACC wájyamúúne-vu clothes-ALL ‘I dress my children with clothes.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
77 |
(78) Oke táñahbe tsɨjpájúú. o-ke 1.SG-ACC táñahbe 1.SG_brother tsɨjpájúú shout_at ‘My brother is shouting at me.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
78 |
(79) Wajpi meenú ja ájɨtu. wajpi man meenú make ja house ájɨ-tu palm-ABL ‘The man built the house with palm leaves.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
79 |
(80) Ováhtsa tsáhaamɨ dóbahjyúcú wajácuháámɨtu. ováhtsa boy tsá-haamɨ one-leaf dó-ba-hjyúcú INST:HAND-tear-SNG.TRANS wajácuháámɨ-tu book-ABL ‘The boy tore the page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
80 |
(81) Méɨhtú baajúrí. mé-ɨhtú 1PL-peel baajúrí manioc(ACC) ‘We peel manioc.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
81 |
(82) Aalle támihcyó. aalle 3SG támihcyó blink ‘She blinks.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
82 |
(83) Keeme ácuúcunú cúúmú hallúri. keeme old_man ácuúcunú sit cúúmú signal_drum hallú-ri top-LOC/INST ‘The old man sits on the signal drum.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc/instr) V |
83 |
(84) O péé tahjyávu. o 1SG péé go tah-jyá-vu 1SG-house-ALL ‘I go to my house.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-all) V |
84 |
(85) Ú ijchívyé cóómítyuú. ú 2SG ijchívyé leave cóómí-tyuú village-ABL ‘You left the village.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-abl V |
85 |
(86) Ó goocó. ó 1SG goocó laugh ‘I laugh.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc/instr) V |
86 |
(87) Wajpi ihjyúcunú ováhtsake. wajpi man ihjyúcunú shout ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man shouted at the boy.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
87 |
(88) Ováhtsámú ɨɨcú peróótáuri. ováhtsá-mú boy-PL ɨɨcú play peróótáu-ri ball-LOC/INST ‘The boys are playing with the ball.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc/instr) V |
88 |
(89) Bádsɨ́jcaja ɨ́dáátsové. bádsɨ́jcaja girl ɨ́dáátsové feel_sad ‘The girl feels sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
89 |
(90) Úméneba víyiivyé téhí pañévu. úméneba trunk víyiivyé roll téhí river pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘The trunk rolled into the river.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-all) V |
90 |
(91) Cúújúwamɨ pámaavé Ikító mujcójutu. cúújúwamɨ steam_ship pámaavé sink Ikító Iquitos mujcóju-tu harbour-ALL ‘The steamship sank in the harbour of Iquitos.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
91 |
(92) Tahjya áiivyé. tah-jya 1SG-house áiivyé burn ‘My house is burning.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
92 |
(93) Ó daarɨ́. ó 1SG daarɨ́ dry ‘I am dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
93 |
(94) Botsíi píívyéébeke ú táúmeíhí mémájchotá dooráábeke. botsíi finally píívyéébe-ke creator-ACC ú 2SG táúmeí-hí ask-PRED mé-májchotá 1PL-nutrition dooráábe-ke fish-ACC ‘You ask the creator for fish of our nutrition.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
94 |
(95) Tájtsɨɨméne-ke tsúúca ítyujpácyovu ú úújetsó. táj-tsɨɨméne-ke 1SG-child-ACC tsúúca already í-tyujpácyo-vu 3-blood-ALL ú 2SG úúje-tsó see-CAUS ‘You have already shown my child his blood.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
95 |
(96) Téwaahyévú oke ú ájcuú. téwaahyé-vú leftovers-ALL o-ke 1SG-ACC ú 2SG ájcuú give ‘You give me the leftovers.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
96 |
(97) Ó picyóó táwaajácuháámɨ́ méétsáwá hallúvu. ó 1SG picyóó put tá-waajácuháámɨ́ 1SG-book méétsáwá table hallú-vu top-ALL ‘I put my book on the table.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
97 |
(98) Ó caanú dɨɨ caanúcori. ó 1SG caanú grind dɨɨ peppers caanúco-ri mortar-LOC/INST ‘I grind peppers with a mortar.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
98 |
(99) Ó píchóujcó ííñullíjyu tájtyúhatyu. ó 1SG píchóujcó wipe ííñullíjyu dust tájtyúha-tyu my_foot-ABL ‘I am wiping dust off my foot.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V |
99 |
(100) Táujcáhé ó nɨɨtsú. táujcáhé my_beard(ACC) ó 1SG nɨɨtsú shave ‘I shaved my beard.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
100 |
(101) Ó lleebó cajpááná ihjyúváne. ó 1SG lleebó hear cajpááná bell ihjyúvá-ne speak-INAN ‘I hear the bell ring.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
101 |
(102) Tsɨ́ɨ́mene waaó íwatájcojɨ téhí pañévu. tsɨ́ɨ́mene child waaó throw íwatájcojɨ his_hat(ACC) téhí water pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘The child threw his hat into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
102 |
(103) Taálle tú hééco. taálle grandmother tú cook hééco meat ‘The grandmother cooks the meat.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
103 |
(104) Méúwaabó tsiiméké wákimyéivu. mé-úwaabó 1PL-teach tsɨɨmé-ké children-ACC wákimyéi-vu work-ALL ‘We teach the children the work.’ |
★ | TEACH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
104 |
(105) Nújpacyo tsúúca waanéhi. nújpacyo water tsúúca already waané-hi boil-PRED ‘The water is already boiling.’ |
★ | BOIL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
105 |
(106) Wajpi dilló ováhtsake cuhjúbake. wajpi man dilló name ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC cuhjúba-ke slow-ACC ‘The man called the boy a slow one.’ |
★ | NAME |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
106 |
(107) Ó babáñú áátsɨ́ɨ́meke wájyamúúneri. ó 1SG babáñú dress áátsɨ́ɨ́me-ke my_children-ACC wájyamúúne-ri clothes-LOC/INST ‘I dress my children with clothes.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Secondary object ALL or INST/LOC |
107 |
(108) Táñahbe úménemúnáajpi íjcya-á-hi. táñahbe my_brother úménemúnáajpi wood_worker íjcya-á-hi be-FUT-PRED ‘My brother will be a wood worker.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
N/A |
108 |
(109) Wajpi taavá niivúwake. wajpi man taavá hunt niivúwa-ke deer-ACC ‘The man hunted the deer.’ |
★ | HUNT (FOR) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
109 |
(110) Mújcuri ó tsehdí. mújcuri barbasco_root(ACC) ó 1SG tsehdí dig ‘I dig for barbasco root.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V |
110 |
(111) Pɨ́aabójcatsímye. pɨ́aabó-jcatsí-mye help-RECP-3PL ‘They helped each other.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal derivation |
111 |
(112) Nɨɨtsúwáwu kídyahɨ́nú páá. nɨɨtsúwáwu knife kídyahɨ́nú cut páá bread ‘The knife cuts the bread.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Instrument alternation |
112 |
(113) Dsɨ́jɨ́vétsómeííbye. dsɨ́jɨ́vé-tsó-meíí-bye die-CAUS-REFL-3SG ‘He killed himself.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Reflexive derivation |
113 |
(114) Táñahbe oke waaó. táñahbe my_brother o-ke 1SG-ACC waaó push ‘My brother pushed me.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V |
114 |
(115) Ováhtsa táuméí dsɨ́ɨ́dsɨtu wajpikye. ováhtsa boy táuméí ask dsɨ́ɨ́dsɨ-tu money-ABL wajpi-kye man-ACC ‘The boy asked the man for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR | the Verb form táuméí | 115 |
(116) Nííjyaba allé. nííjyaba thunderstorm allé rain ‘Lit. The thunderstorm rained.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
116 |
(117) Ɨ́ɨ́nerí ú goocó? Ɨ́ɨ́ne-LOC/INST what-INST ú 2SG goocó laugh ‘What are you laughing about/at?’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc/instr) V |
117 |
(118) Wajpi íllityétsó ováhtsake. wajpi man íllityé-tsó fear-CAUS ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ‘The man frightened the boy.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
118 |
(119) Ováhtsake ó tsíívatsóhi wajácuháámɨ uwáábóóbedívu. ováhtsa-ke boy-ACC ó 1sg tsííva-tsó-hi bring-CAUS-PRED wajácuháámɨ book:ACC uwáábóóbe-dí-vu teacher-ANIM-ALL ‘I make the boy bring the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
119 |
(120) Tsɨ́ɨ́méneke ó wááotsóhi íwatájcojɨ téhí pañévu. tsɨ́ɨ́méne-ke child-ACC ó 1SG wááo-tsó-hi throw-CAUS-PRED íwatájcojɨ his_hat:ACC téhí water pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘I make the child throw his hat into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
120 |
(121) Ovátsake ó wállotsóhi wajácuáámɨ uwáábóóbedívu. ovátsa-ke boy-ACC ó 1SG wállo-tsó-hi send-CAUS-PRED wajácuáámɨ book:ACC uwáábóóbe-dí-vu teacher-ANIM-ALL ‘I make the boy send the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
121 |
(122) Ovátsake o tsájtyetsóhi wajácuáámɨ uwáábóóbedívu. ovátsa-ke boy-ACC o 1SG tsájtye-tsó-hi take-CAUS-PRED wajácuáámɨ book:ACC uwáábóóbe-dí-vu teacher-ANIM-ALL ‘I make the boy take the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
122 |
(123) Wájpike ó cáhpíñutsóhi nújpakyo váásó pañévu. wájpi-ke man-ACC ó 1SG cáhpíñu-tsó-hi pour-CAUS-PRED nújpakyo water:ACC váásó glass pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘I make the man fill the glass with water.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
123 |
(124) Wájpike ó píkyootsóhi ájɨ mɨ́ɨ́né pañévu. wájpi-ke man-ACC ó 1SG píkyoo-tsó-hi put-CAUS-PRED ájɨ palmleafs:ACC mɨ́ɨ́né canoe pañé-vu inside-ALL ‘I make the man put the palmleafs in the canoe.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
124 |
(125) Wájpike ó uácotsóhi tsɨ́ɨ́meke íwajyámúvu. wájpi-ke man-ACC ó 1SG uáco-tsó-hi put_on-CAUS-PRED tsɨ́ɨ́me-ke child-ACC íwajyámú-vu his_clothes-ALL ‘I make the man dress the child with clothes.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
125 |
(126) Ovátsake ó ájcyutsóhi wajácuáámɨvu uwáábóóbeke. ovátsa-ke boy-ACC ó 1SG ájcyu-tsó-hi give-CAUS-PRED wajácuáámɨ-vu book-ALL uwáábóóbe-ke teacher-ACC ‘I make the boy give the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
126 |
(127) Ovátsake ó táuméítsóhi dsɨ́ɨ́dsɨke wajpike. ovátsa-ke boy-ACC ó 1SG táuméí-tsó-hi ask_for-CAUS-PRED dsɨ́ɨ́dsɨ-ke money-ACC wajpi-ke man-ACC ‘I make the boy ask the man for money. / Yo hago al joven pedir dinero al hombre.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
127 |
(128) Wájpike ó wátájcotsóhi tsɨ́ɨ́méneke cobííjyari. wájpi-ke man-ACC ó 1SG wátájco-tsó-hi cover-CAUS-PRED tsɨ́ɨ́méne-ke child-ACC cobííjya-ri blanket-INST ‘I make the man cover the child with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Causative derivation |
128 |