Coding frames of Bora
| Coding frame | Alternations | derived | arg_count | #Vs | Verb meanings & Verb forms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | Basic | 1 | 16 |
BE DRY (daarɨ)
BE HUNGRY (ajyábáávaté)
BE SAD (ɨ́dáátsové)
BLINK (támihjyáco)
BOIL (waáne)
BURN (áiivye)
COUGH (éjéhtsó)
DIE (dsɨ́jívé)
FALL (áákityé)
FEEL COLD (tsuucó)
HUNT (FOR) (llííñájá)
JUMP (cátsíñiivyé)
RAIN (allé)
RUN (dsɨɨné)
SING (májtsivá)
SINK (pámaave)
|
|
| – | Basic | 3 | 7 |
BEAT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
BREAK (cápujuhjácó)
CUT (kídyahɨ́nú)
DIG (tsehdi)
GRIND (caanú)
HIT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
KILL (dsɨ́jɨ́vetsó)
TOUCH (dómajcó)
|
|
| – | Basic | 3 | 12 |
BRING (tsiivá)
CARRY (tsajtyé)
COVER (wátájcó)
GIVE (ajcú)
LOAD (picyo)
POUR (cáhpiñú)
PUSH (waaó)
PUT (picyo)
SEND (walló)
SHOW (úúje-tsó)
TEACH (úwááboó)
THROW (waaó)
|
|
| – | Basic | 3 | 8 |
BUILD (meenú)
FILL (wahpétsó)
HIDE (páátanú)
STEAL (naní)
TAKE (ujcú)
TEAR (dóbahjyúcú)
TIE (chijchú)
WIPE (píchóuáco)
|
|
| – | Basic | 3 | 2 |
ASK FOR (táuméí)
NAME (dilló)
|
|
| – | Basic | 2 | 25 |
CLIMB (nériivyé)
COOK (tuu)
FEAR (illí)
FEEL PAIN (avyé)
FOLLOW (úraavyé)
FRIGHTEN (íllívyeebó)
HEAR (lleebo)
HELP (pɨ́aabó)
HUG (ámabúcu)
HUNT (FOR) (taavá)
KNOW (wáájacú)
LIKE (ímillé)
LOOK AT (ɨɨté)
MARRY (táábavá)
MEET (ájtyumɨ́)
PEEL (ɨhtu)
SEARCH FOR (nehco)
SEE (ájtyumɨ́)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (nɨɨ́tsu)
SMELL (árahjúcu)
THINK (ɨ́tsaave)
WASH (nijtyú)
|
|
| – | Basic | 3 | 1 |
TELL (uubálle)
|
|
| – | Basic | 2 | 3 |
GO (pee)
ROLL (víyiivye)
SIT DOWN (ácuuvé)
|
|
| – | Basic | 2 | 5 |
APPEAR (bóhowaavé)
LAUGH (gooco)
LIVE (ícyahíjcá)
PLAY (ɨɨcú)
SIT (ácuúcunú)
|
|
| – | Basic | 2 | 2 | ||
| – | Basic | 3 | 1 |
TALK (ihjyúvá)
|
|
|
B |
– | Basic | 0 | 1 |
BE A HUNTER (no verbal counterpart)
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 4 | 11 |
BRING (tsiivá)
CARRY (tsajtyé)
COVER (wátájcó)
GIVE (ajcú)
LOAD (picyo)
POUR (cáhpiñú)
PUSH (waaó)
PUT (picyo)
SEND (walló)
TEACH (úwááboó)
THROW (waaó)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 3 | 28 |
CLIMB (nériivyé)
COOK (tuu)
FEAR (illí)
FEEL PAIN (avyé)
FOLLOW (úraavyé)
FRIGHTEN (íllívyeebó)
GO (pee)
HEAR (lleebo)
HELP (pɨ́aabó)
HUG (ámabúcu)
HUNT (FOR) (taavá)
KNOW (wáájacú)
LIKE (ímillé)
LOOK AT (ɨɨté)
MARRY (táábavá)
MEET (ájtyumɨ́)
PEEL (ɨhtu)
ROLL (víyiivye)
SEARCH FOR (nehco)
SEE (ájtyumɨ́)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (nɨɨ́tsu)
SIT DOWN (ácuuvé)
SMELL (árahjúcu)
THINK (ɨ́tsaave)
WASH (nijtyú)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 2 | 15 |
BE DRY (daarɨ)
BE HUNGRY (ajyábáávaté)
BE SAD (ɨ́dáátsové)
BLINK (támihjyáco)
BOIL (waáne)
BURN (áiivye)
COUGH (éjéhtsó)
DIE (dsɨ́jívé)
FEEL COLD (tsuucó)
HUNT (FOR) (llííñájá)
JUMP (cátsíñiivyé)
RAIN (allé)
RUN (dsɨɨné)
SING (májtsivá)
SINK (pámaave)
|
|
| Reciprocal derivation | Derived | 2 | 21 |
CLIMB (nériivyé)
EAT (do)
FEAR (illí)
FOLLOW (úraavyé)
FRIGHTEN (íllívyeebó)
HEAR (lleebo)
HELP (pɨ́aabó)
HUG (ámabúcu)
KNOW (wáájacú)
LAUGH (gooco)
LIKE (ímillé)
LOOK AT (ɨɨté)
MARRY (táábavá)
MEET (ájtyumɨ́)
SEARCH FOR (nehco)
SEE (ájtyumɨ́)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (nɨɨ́tsu)
SMELL (árahjúcu)
THINK (ɨ́tsaave)
WASH (nijtyú)
|
|
| Instrument alternation | Derived | 2 | 5 |
BEAT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
COVER (wátájcó)
CUT (kídyahɨ́nú)
HIT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
KILL (dsɨ́jɨ́vetsó)
TIE (chijchú)
|
|
| Reflexive derivation | Derived | 3 | 9 |
CARRY (tsajtyé)
COVER (wátájcó)
DRESS (babyáro)
GIVE (ajcú)
LOAD (picyo)
POUR (cáhpiñú)
PUSH (waaó)
PUT (picyo)
SEND (walló)
SHOW (úúje-tsó)
THROW (waaó)
|
|
| Reflexive derivation | Derived | 2 | 16 |
EAT (do)
FEAR (illí)
FRIGHTEN (íllívyeebó)
HEAR (lleebo)
HUG (ámabúcu)
KNOW (wáájacú)
LIKE (ímillé)
LOOK AT (ɨɨté)
MEET (ájtyumɨ́)
PEEL (ɨhtu)
SEARCH FOR (nehco)
SEE (ájtyumɨ́)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (nɨɨ́tsu)
SHOUT AT (ihjyúcunu)
SMELL (árahjúcu)
THINK (ɨ́tsaave)
WASH (nijtyú)
|
|
| Reflexive derivation | Derived | 3 | 6 |
BEAT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
BREAK (cápujuhjácó)
CUT (kídyahɨ́nú)
HIT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
KILL (dsɨ́jɨ́vetsó)
TALK (ihjyúvá)
TOUCH (dómajcó)
|
|
| Reflexive derivation | Derived | 3 | 5 |
FILL (wahpétsó)
TAKE (ujcú)
TEAR (dóbahjyúcú)
TIE (chijchú)
WIPE (píchóuáco)
|
|
| Reflexive derivation | Derived | 3 | 1 |
TELL (uubálle)
|
|
| Reflexive derivation | Derived | 3 | 2 |
ASK FOR (táuméí)
NAME (dilló)
|
|
| Reciprocal derivation | Derived | 3 | 7 |
BEAT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
BREAK (cápujuhjácó)
CUT (kídyahɨ́nú)
DIG (tsehdi)
HIT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
KILL (dsɨ́jɨ́vetsó)
TALK (ihjyúvá)
TOUCH (dómajcó)
|
|
| Reciprocal derivation | Derived | 3 | 1 |
TELL (uubálle)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 3 | 4 |
APPEAR (bóhowaavé)
LAUGH (gooco)
PLAY (ɨɨcú)
SIT (ácuúcunú)
|
|
| – | Basic | 3 | 1 |
SAY (néé)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 3 | 2 | ||
| Causative derivation | Derived | 4 | 1 |
SAY (néé)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 4 | 7 |
BEAT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
BREAK (cápujuhjácó)
CUT (kídyahɨ́nú)
DIG (tsehdi)
GRIND (caanú)
HIT (wádɨ́rɨhcó)
KILL (dsɨ́jɨ́vetsó)
TOUCH (dómajcó)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 4 | 1 |
TELL (uubálle)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 4 | 8 |
BUILD (meenú)
FILL (wahpétsó)
HIDE (páátanú)
STEAL (naní)
TAKE (ujcú)
TEAR (dóbahjyúcú)
TIE (chijchú)
WIPE (píchóuáco)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 4 | 2 |
ASK FOR (táuméí)
NAME (dilló)
|
|
| Causative derivation | Derived | 4 | 1 |
TALK (ihjyúvá)
|
|
| Reciprocal derivation | Derived | 3 | 12 |
BRING (tsiivá)
CARRY (tsajtyé)
COVER (wátájcó)
GIVE (ajcú)
LOAD (picyo)
POUR (cáhpiñú)
PUSH (waaó)
PUT (picyo)
SEND (walló)
SHOW (úúje-tsó)
TEACH (úwááboó)
THROW (waaó)
|
|
| Reciprocal derivation | Derived | 3 | 7 |
FILL (wahpétsó)
HIDE (páátanú)
STEAL (naní)
TAKE (ujcú)
TEAR (dóbahjyúcú)
TIE (chijchú)
WIPE (píchóuáco)
|
|
| Reciprocal derivation | Derived | 3 | 2 |
ASK FOR (táuméí)
NAME (dilló)
|
|
| Reciprocal derivation | Derived | 3 | 1 |
SAY (néé)
|
|
| Secondary object ALL or INST/LOC | Derived | 3 | 1 |
DRESS (babyáro)
|
|
| Reflexive derivation | Derived | 3 | 1 |
SAY (néé)
|