yeⁿxelal

Coding frame

1-erg 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V

Complex Verb form

Example

(62)

Öždi kibbal koo yeⁿxelca.

öždi

boy.ERG

kibba-l

girl.OBL-LAT

koo

hand(IV).ABS

y-eⁿxe-l-ca

IV-touch-CAUS-PRS

‘The boy touches the girl with his hand.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TOUCH	Coding set	Argument type
1	toucher	NP-erg	A
2	touchee	NP-lat	X
3	touching instrument	NP-abs & abs.V	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Instrument Alternation more info	NNever		n
U Recipient/Goal/Location Alternation 1 more info	NNever		n
C Antipassive 1 Alternation more info	RRegularly		y	1-abs 2-lat 3-instr abs[1].V'antip	(186) Öžö kibbal kood eⁿxeldas. ‘The boy is busy touching the girl with the hand.’ ★
U Ambitransitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Causative with -l/-ll more info	RRegularly		y	4-erg 1-instr 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V'caus	(278) Öždi ist'id kibbal k'obala mexellis. ‘The boy makes the brother touch the girl with the stick.’ ★
U Accidental/Potential Intransitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
U Recipient/Goal/Location Alternation 2 more info	NNever		n
C Potential Alternation more info	NNever		y
Causative with -k' more info	NNever
Causative with yowal more info	NNever
C Causative with golal more info	NNever		y
U Accidental/Potential Transitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Potential Transitivizing Alternation more info	NNever		y
C Antipassive 2 Alternation more info	NNever		y
U Object Incorporation Alternation more info	NNever		n