małciyowal

Coding frame

1-erg 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V

Complex Verb form

Example

Öždi kibbal ʔarab mic małciboos.

öždi

boy.ERG

kibba-l

girl.OBL-LAT

ʔarab

Arabic

mic

language(III).ABS

małci<b>oo-s

teach<III>-PRS

‘The boy teaches the Arabic language to the girl.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TEACH	Coding set	Argument type
1	teacher	NP-erg	A
2	teachee	NP-lat	X
3	taught content	NP-abs & abs.V	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Recipient/Goal/Location Alternation 2 more info	NNever		n
U Accidental/Potential Intransitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Causative with -l/-ll more info	RRegularly		y	4-erg 1-instr 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V'caus	(160) Öždi ist'id kibbal ʔarab mic małcibooyliyo. ‘The boy made the brother teach the girl the Arabic language.’ ★
U Ambitransitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Antipassive 1 Alternation more info	NNever		y
U Recipient/Goal/Location Alternation 1 more info	NNever		n
U Instrument Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Potential Alternation more info	RRegularly		y	1-poss 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V'pot	(238) Öždiqa kibbal ʔarab mic małcibooyłiyo. ‘The boy could teach Arabic to the girl.’ ★
Causative with -k' more info	NNever
Causative with yowal more info	NNever
C Causative with golal more info	NNever		y
U Accidental/Potential Transitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Potential Transitivizing Alternation more info	NNever		y
C Antipassive 2 Alternation more info	NNever		y
U Object Incorporation Alternation more info	NNever		n