nisal

Coding frame

1-erg 2-poss UTT3 V

Simplex Verb form

Example

(13)

Kibba aboqa dilna niƛaƛo nisoyo.

kibba

girl.ERG

abo-qa

father-POSS

dil-na

1SG.LAT-and

niƛ-a-ƛo

give-IMP-QUOT

niso-yo

say-PST

‘The girl said to the father: "Give me as well!".’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	SAY	Coding set	Argument type
1	sayer	NP-erg	X
2	saying addressee	NP-poss	X
3	said content	UTT	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Recipient/Goal/Location Alternation 2 more info	NNever		n
U Accidental/Potential Intransitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Causative with -l/-ll more info	RRegularly		y	4-erg 1-instr 2-poss UTT3-quot V'caus	(158) Kibba öždid gedoƛo nisoyliyo. ‘The girl made the boy say 'cat'.’ ★
U Ambitransitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Antipassive 1 Alternation more info	NNever		y
U Recipient/Goal/Location Alternation 1 more info	NNever		n
U Instrument Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Potential Alternation more info	RRegularly		y	1-poss 2-poss UTT3-quot V'pot	(231) Kibbaqa aboqa dilna niƛaƛo nisoyłiyo. ‘The girl could say to the father: "Give me as well!".’ ★
Causative with -k' more info	NNever
Causative with yowal more info	NNever
C Causative with golal more info	NNever		y
U Accidental/Potential Transitive Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Potential Transitivizing Alternation more info	NNever		y
C Antipassive 2 Alternation more info	NNever		y
U Object Incorporation Alternation more info	NNever		n