mangunang

Coding frame

Complex Verb form

Example

(24)

Anake muani muani ento mangunang umah aji kayu.

anak=e

person=DEF

muani

male

muani

male

ento

that

mangunang

build

umah

house

aji

with

kayu

wood

‘The men built a house out of wood.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	BUILD	Coding set	Argument type
1	builder	Ø	A
2	built thing	Ø	P
3	building material	aji+NP	I

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Passive -a alternation	RRegularly		y		(127) Umah aji kayu bangunanga teken anake muani muani ento. ‘A house of wood was built by the men.’ ★
C Passive ka- alternation	RRegularly		y		(172) Umah aji kayu kabangunang teken anake muani muani ento. ‘A house of wood was bulit by the men.’ ★
C Resultative ma- alternation	NNever		y
C Causative with instrument causee more info	NNever	it is already a causative construction	y
C Causative with Theme causee more info	NNever	it is already a causative construction	y
C Locative alternation (oblique to object) more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (argument rearanging) more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (argument adding)	NNever		y