ngorahang

Coding frame

1 V UTT2 teken+3

Complex Verb form

Example

(22)

Ia makejang ngorahang 'sing' teken tiang.

ia

he/she

makejang

all

ngorahang

say

'sing'

"no"

teken

with

tiang

I

‘They said "no" to me.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	SAY	Coding set	Argument type
1	sayer	Ø	S
2	said content	UTT	X
3	saying addressee	teken+NP	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Passive -a alternation	RRegularly		y		(125) 'Sing' orahanga teken tiang teken ia makejang. ‘"No" was said to me by them.’ ★
C Passive ka- alternation	RRegularly		y		(170) 'Sing' kaorahang teken tiang teken ia makejang. ‘"No" was said to me by them.’ ★
C Resultative ma- alternation	NNever		y
C Causative with instrument causee more info	NNever		y
C Causative with Theme causee more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (oblique to object) more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (argument rearanging) more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (argument adding)	NNever		y