nyemak

Coding frame

Example

(31)

Anake muani ento nyemak pipise ento uli timpalne.

anak=e

person=DEF

muani

male

ento

that

nyemak

take

pipis=e

money=DEF

ento

that

uli

from

timpal=ne

friend=3POSS

‘The man took the money from his friend.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TAKE	Coding set	Argument type
1	taker	Ø	A
2	taken thing	Ø	P
3	taking source	uli+NP	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Passive -a alternation	RRegularly		y		(133) Pipise ento jemakaa teken anake muani ento uli timpalne. ‘The money was taken by the man from his friend.’ ★
C Passive ka- alternation	RRegularly		y		(179) Pipise ento kajemak teken anake muani ento uli timpalne. ‘The money was taken by the man from his friend.’ ★
C Resultative ma- alternation	RRegularly		y		(206) Pipise ento majemak. ‘The money was taken.’ ★
C Causative with instrument causee more info	NNever		y
C Causative with Theme causee more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (oblique to object) more info	RRegularly		y		(88) Anake muani ento nyemakin timpalne pipise ento. ‘The man took the money from his friend.’ ★
C Locative alternation (argument rearanging) more info	–No data		y
C Locative alternation (argument adding)	–No data		y