ngaba

Coding frame

Example

(38)

Anake muani muani ento ngaba kotake ento ke peken.

anak=e

person=DEF

muani

male

muani

male

ento

that

ngaba

bring

kotak=e

box=DEF

ento

that

ke

to

peken

market

‘The men brought the box to the market.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	CARRY	Coding set	Argument type
1	carrier	Ø	A
2	carried thing	Ø	P
3	carrying goal	ke+NP	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Passive -a alternation	RRegularly		y		(140) Kotake ento abana teken anake muani muani ento ke peken. ‘The boxes were brought to the market by the men.’ ★
C Passive ka- alternation	RRegularly		y		(186) Kotake ento kaaba teken anake muani muani ento ke peken. ‘The boxes were brought to the market by the men.’ ★
C Resultative ma- alternation	RRegularly		y		(212) Kotake ento maaba. ‘The boxes were brought.’ ★
C Causative with instrument causee more info	NNever		y
C Causative with Theme causee more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (oblique to object) more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (argument rearanging) more info	NNever		y
C Locative alternation (argument adding)	NNever		y