ngentungang

Coding frame

Complex Verb form

Example

(39)

Anake muani cenik ento ngentungang bola ke jendelane ento.

anak=e

person=DEF

muani

male

cenik

small

ento

that

ngentungang

throw

bola

ball

ke

to

jendela=ne

window=DEF

ento

that

‘The boy threw the ball to the window.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	THROW	Coding set	Argument type
1	thrower	Ø	A
2	thrown thing	Ø	P
3	throwing goal	ke+NP	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Passive -a alternation	RRegularly		y		(141) Bolane ento entunganga teken anake muani cenik ento ke jendelane ento. ‘The ball was thrown to the window by the boy.’ ★
C Passive ka- alternation	RRegularly		y		(187) Bolane ento kaentungang teken anake muani cenik ento ke jendelane ento. ‘The ball was thrown to the window by the boy.’ ★
C Resultative ma- alternation	RRegularly		y		(213) Bolane ento maentungang. ‘The ball was thrown.’ ★
C Causative with instrument causee more info	NNever	it is already a causative construction	y
C Causative with Theme causee more info	NNever	it is already a causative construction	y
C Locative alternation (oblique to object) more info	–No data		y
C Locative alternation (argument rearanging) more info	RRegularly		y		(93) Anake muani cenik ento ngentungin jendelane ento (aji) bola. ‘The boy threw the ball into the window.’ ★
C Locative alternation (argument adding)	–No data		y