Causative with Theme causee C

Description

Contrary to the -in locative applicative that aligns a Ground expression with the Object, the -ang derivation aligns a Figure with the Object. This causative construction aligns with the Object the Theme Figure of a caused motion.

Alternation occurs:

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for Derived CF

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Participants in Basic CF:

Verb meaning	Verb form	Occurs	arg_count	Basic Coding frame
EAT	ngajeng	NNever	2	1 V 2 (1) Anake muani cenik ento ngajeng buahe ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that ngajeng eat buah=e fruit=DEF ento that ‘The boy ate the fruit.’ ★
HUG	ngelut	RRegularly	2	1 V 2 (2) Memenne ngelut panakne cenik muani ento. memen=ne mother=DEF ngelut hug panak=ne child=3POSS cenik small muani male ento that ‘The mother hugged her little boy.’ ★
LOOK AT	nlektekang	NNever	2	1 V 2 (3) Anake cenik muani ento nlektekang anake luh ento. anak=e person=DEF cenik small muani male ento that nlektekang look_at anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ‘The boy looked at the girl.’ ★
SEE	nepukin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (4) Anake muani ento nepukin beruange ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that nepukin see beruang=e bear=DEF ento that ‘The man saw the bear.’ ★
SMELL	ngadekin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (5) Beruange ento ngadekin anake cenik muani ento. beruang=e bear=DEF ento that ngadekin smell anak=e person=DEF cenik small muani male ento that ‘The bear smelled the boy.’ ★
FEAR	nakutin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (6) Anakemuani ento nakutin beruange ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that nakutin fear beruang=e bear=DEF ento that ‘The man feared the bear.’ ★ (7) Beruange ento nakutin anake muani ento. beruang=e bear=DEF ento that nakutin frighten anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that ‘The bear frightened the man.’ ★
LIKE	nemenin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (8) Anake muani cenik ento nemenin bonekane anyar. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that nemenin like boneka=ne toy=3POSS anyar new ‘The boy liked his new toy.’ ★
KNOW	nawang	NNever	2	1 V 2 (9) Anake luh ento nawang anake cenik muani ento. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that nawang know anak=e person=DEF cenik small muani male ento that ‘The girl knew the boy.’ ★
THINK	ngenehang	NNever	2	1 V 2 (10) Anake luh ento ngenehang dadongne ibi. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngenehang think.about dadong=ne grandmother=3POSS ibi yesterday ‘The girl thought about her grandmother yesterday.’ ★
SEARCH FOR	ngalihin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (11) Anakemuani ento ngalihin anake luh ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that ngalihin search.for anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ‘The man searched for the woman.’ ★
WASH	ngayehang	NNever	2	1 V 2 (12) Memenne ngayehang rarene. memen=ne mother=DEF ngayehang wash rare=ne baby=3POSS ‘The mother washed her baby.’ ★
DRESS	majunin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (13) Memenne majunin panakne luh. memen=ne mother=DEF majunin dress panak=ne child=3POSS luh female ‘The mother dressed her daughter.’ ★
SHAVE (a body part/person)	nguris	NNever	2	1 V 2 (14) Anake muani ento nguris jenggotne. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that nguris shave jenggot=ne beard=3POSS ‘The man shaved his beard.’ ★
HELP	nulungin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (15) Ketut nulungin anake muani cenikcenik ento. Ketut Ketut nulungin help anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik-cenik small-small ento that ‘Ketut helped the boys.’ ★
FOLLOW	ngikutin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (16) Anake muani cenikcenik ento ngikutin anak luh ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik-cenik small-small ento that ngikutin follow anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ‘The boys followed the girl.’ ★
MEET	matemu	NNever	2	1 V teken+2 (17) Anake muani ento matemu teken anake cenik muani ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that matemu meet teken with anak=e person=DEF cenik small muani male ento that ‘The man met the boy.’ ★
TALK	ngomongin	NNever	3	1 V 2 unduk+3 (18) Anake luh ento ngomongin anak muani cenik ento unduk cicingne. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngomongin talk.to anak person muani male cenik small ento that unduk about cicing=ne dog=3POSS ‘The girl talked to the boy about her dog.’ ★
ASK FOR	nagihin	NNever	3	1 V 2 3 (19) Anake muani cenik ento nagihin reramanne pipis. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that nagihin ask_for reraman=ne parents=3POSS pipis money ‘The boy asked his parents for money.’ ★
SHOUT AT	ngerakin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (20) Anake luh ento ngerakin anake cenik cenik ento. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngerakin shout_at anak=e person=DEF cenik small cenik small ento that ‘The woman shouted at the children.’ ★
TELL	ngorahin	NNever	3	1 V 2 3 (21) Anake luh ento ngorahin anake cenik muani ento satua lucu. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngorahin tell anak=e person=DEF cenik small muani male ento that satua story lucu funny ‘The girl told the boy a funny story.’ ★
SAY	ngorahang	NNever	3	1 V UTT2 teken+3 (22) Ia makejang ngorahang 'sing' teken tiang. ia he/she makejang all ngorahang say 'sing' "no" teken with tiang I ‘They said "no" to me.’ ★
NAME	ngelunin	NNever	3	1 V 2 3 (23) Reramanne ngelunin rarene Anna. reraman=ne parents=DEF ngelunin call rare=ne baby=DEF Anna Anna ‘The parents called the baby Anna.’ ★
BUILD	mangunang	NNever	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (24) Anake muani muani ento mangunang umah aji kayu. anak=e person=DEF muani male muani male ento that mangunang build umah house aji with kayu wood ‘The men built a house out of wood.’ ★
BREAK	melahang	NNever	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (25) Anak muani cenik ento melahang jendelene aji batu. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that melahang break jendele=ne window=DEF aji with batu stone ‘The boy broke the window with a stone.’ ★
KILL	ngematiang	NNever	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (26) Anake muani ento ngematiang musuhne aji keris. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that ngematiang kill musuh=ne enemy=3POSS aji with keris kris ‘The man killed his enemy with a 'kris'.’ ★
BEAT	nglempagin	NNever	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (27) Anake muani cenik ento nglempagin lelipine ento aji tungked. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that nglempagin beat lelipi=ne snake=DEF ento that aji with tungked stick ‘The boy beat the snake with a stick.’ ★
HIT	nglempag	–No data	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (28) Anake muani cenik ento nglempag lelipine ento aji tungked. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that nglempag hit lelipi=ne snake=DEF ento that aji with tungked stick ‘The boy hit the snake with a stick.’ ★
TOUCH	nundik	–No data	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (29) Anake muani cenik ento nundik lelipine ento aji tungked. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that nundik touch lelipi=ne snake=DEF ento that aji with tungked stick ‘The boy touched the snake with a stick.’ ★
CUT	ngodot	–No data	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (30) Anakeluh ento ngodot rotine ento aji tiuk mangan. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngodot cut roti=ne bread=DEF ento that aji with tiuk knife mangan sharp ‘The woman cut the bread with a sharp knife.’ ★
TAKE	nyemak	NNever	3	1 V 2 uli+3 (31) Anake muani ento nyemak pipise ento uli timpalne. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that nyemak take pipis=e money=DEF ento that uli from timpal=ne friend=3POSS ‘The man took the money from his friend.’ ★
TEAR	nguek	NNever	3	1 V 2 uli+3 (32) Anake luh ento nguek halaman uli bukune ento. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that nguek tear halaman page uli from buku=ne book=DEF ento that ‘The girl tore a page from the book.’ ★
PEEL	melutin	NNever	2	1 V 2 (33) Anake muani cenik ento melutin pohe ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that melutin peel poh=e mango=DEF ento that ‘The boy peeled the mango.’ ★
HIDE	ngengkebang	NNever	3	1 V 2 uli+3 (34) Anake muani cenik ento ngengkebang katake ento uli memenne. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that ngengkebang hide katak=e frog=DEF ento that uli from memen=ne mother=3POSS ‘The boy hid the frog from his mother.’ ★
SHOW	ngedengang	NNever	3	1 V 2 ke+3 (35) Anake luh luh ento ngedengang gamabaran ke gurune. anak=e person=DEF luh female luh female ento that ngedengang show gamabaran picture ke to guru=ne teacher=3POSS ‘The girls showed the picture to their teacher.’ ★
GIVE	maang	NNever	3	1 V 2 ke+3 (36) Tiang makejang maang buku ke anake cenik cenik ento. tiang I makejang all maang give buku book ke to anak=e person=DEF cenik small cenik small ento that ‘We gave the books to the children.’ ★
SEND	ngirimang	NNever	3	1 V 2 ke+3 (37) Anake luh ento ngirimang bunga ke dadongne. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngirimang send bunga flower ke to dadong=ne grandmother=3POSS ‘The girld sent flowers to her grandmother.’ ★
CARRY	ngaba	NNever	3	1 V 2 ke+3 (38) Anake muani muani ento ngaba kotake ento ke peken. anak=e person=DEF muani male muani male ento that ngaba bring kotak=e box=DEF ento that ke to peken market ‘The men brought the box to the market.’ ★
THROW	ngentungang	NNever	3	1 V 2 ke+3 (39) Anake muani cenik ento ngentungang bola ke jendelane ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that ngentungang throw bola ball ke to jendela=ne window=DEF ento that ‘The boy threw the ball to the window.’ ★
TIE	negul	–No data	4	1 V 2 aji+3 ke+4 (40) Anake muani ento negul jaran ento aji tali ke punyan kayue ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that negul tie jaran horse ento that aji with tali rope ke to punyan trunk kayu=e tree=DEF ento that ‘The man tied the horse with rope to the tree trunk.’ ★
PUT	ngejang	NNever	3	1 V 2 di+3 (41) Tiang nejang cangkire ento di mejane ento. tiang I nejang put cangkir=e cup=DEF ento that di on meja=ne table=DEF ento that ‘I put the cup onto the table.’ ★
POUR	nuruhang	NNever	3	1 V 2 ke+3 (42) Anake muani ento nuruhang yeh ke lumure ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that nuruhang pour yeh water ke to lumur=e glass=DEF ento that ‘The man poured water into the glass.’ ★
COVER	ngerurub	–No data	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (43) Anake luh ento ngerurub anake muani cenik ento aji saput. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngerurub cover anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that aji with saput blanket ‘The woman covered the boy with a blanket.’ ★
FILL	ngisinin	–No data	3	1 V 2 aji+3 (44) Anake luh ento ngisinin lumuree ento aji yeh. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that ngisinin fill lumure=e glass=DEF ento that aji with yeh water ‘The girl filled the glass with water.’ ★
BLINK	ngedipang mata	NNever	1	1 V (46) Tiang ngedipang matan tiange. tiang I ngedipang blink mata=n eye=LIG tiang=e I=POSS ‘I blinked my eyes.’ ★
COUGH	makokohan	NNever	1	1 V (47) Anake tua ento makokohan. anak=e person=DEF tua old ento that makokohan cough ‘The old man coughed.’ ★
CLIMB	menekin	RRegularly	2	1 V 2 (48) Anake muani muani ento menekin punyan kayune ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male muani male ento that menekin climb.up punyan trunk kayu=ne tree=DEF ento that ‘The old men climbed up the tree.’ ★
RUN	malaib	NNever	1	1 V (49) Jaranne ento malaib. jaran=ne horse=DEF ento that malaib run ‘The horse runs.’ ★
SIT	negak	RRegularly	2	1 V di+2 (50) Anake cenik cenik ento negak di bataranne ento. anak=e person=DEF cenik small cenik small ento that negak sit di on bataran=ne floor=DEF ento that ‘The children sit on the floor.’ ★
JUMP	makejog	MMarginally	1	1 V (51) Anake luh ento makejog. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that makejog jump ‘The girl jumped.’ ★
SING	magending	NNever	1	1 V (52) Anake muani cenik ento magending. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that magending sing ‘The boy sang.’ ★
GO	luas	NNever	2	1 V ke+2 (53) Anake luh ento luas ke peken. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that luas go ke to peken market ‘The woman went to the market.’ ★
LEAVE	ngalahin	–No data	2	1 V 2 (54) Anake muani cenik ento ngalahin desane ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that ngalahin leave desa=ne village=DEF ento that ‘The boy left the village.’ ★
LIVE	nongos	RRegularly	2	1 V di+2 (55) Anake tua tua ento nongos di kota. anak=e person=DEF tua old tua old ento that nongos live di in kota city ‘The old people live in the city.’ ★
LAUGH	kedek	NNever	1	1 V (56) Anake luh cenik ento kedek. anak=e person=DEF luh female cenik small ento that kedek laugh ‘The little girl laughed.’ ★
SCREAM	makraik	NNever	1	1 V (57) Anake muani ento makraik. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that makraik scream ‘The man screamed.’ ★
FEEL PAIN	nyakitang	NNever	2	1 V 2 (58) Tiang nyakitang liman tiange. tiang I nyakitang hurt lima=n hand=LIG tiang=e I=POSS ‘I am feeling pain in my arms.’ ★
FEEL COLD	dingin	RRegularly	1	1 V (59) Tiang dingin. tiang I dingin cold ‘I'm cold.’ ★
DIE	mati	RRegularly	1	1 V (60) Lelipine ento mati. lelipi=ne snake=DEF ento that mati die ‘The snake died.’ ★
PLAY	macanada	NNever	1	1 V (61) Anake cenik ento macanda. anak=e person=DEF cenik small ento that macanda play ‘The boy is playing.’ ★
BE SAD	sebet	NNever	1	1 V (62) Anake luh ento sebet. anak=e person=DEF luh female ento that sebet sad ‘The little girl is sad.’ ★
BE HUNGRY	seduk	NNever	1	1 V (63) Rarene ento seduk. rare=ne baby=DEF ento that seduk hungry ‘The baby is hungry.’ ★
ROLL	ngelilik	RRegularly	1	1 V (64) Bolane ento ngelilik. bola=ne ball=DEF ento that ngelilik roll ‘The ball is rolling.’ ★
SINK	nyilem	RRegularly	1	1 V (65) Jukunge ento nyilem. jukung=e boat=DEF ento that nyilem sink ‘The boat sank.’ ★
BURN	puun	RRegularly	1	1 V (66) Umahe ento puun. umah=e house=DEF ento that puun burn ‘The house is burning.’ ★
BE DRY	tuh	RRegularly	1	1 V (67) Tanahe ento tuh. tanah=e ground=DEF ento that tuh dry ‘The ground was dry.’ ★
RAIN	ujan	NNever	0	V (68) Ujan. ujan rain ‘It rained.’ ★
BE A HUNTER	tukangboros	NNever	1	1 V (69) Anake muani ene tukangboros. anak=e person=DEF muani male ene this tukangboros hunter ‘The man is a hunter.’ ★
LOAD	menekang	NNever	3	1 V 2 ke+3 (45) Petanine ento menekang somi ke treke ento. petani=ne farmer=DEF ento that menekang load somi hay ke to trek=e truck=DEF ento that ‘The farmer loaded hay onto the truck.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.