Alternations of Balinese

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Alternations

Alternation name	Coded?	Description	Examples	Verbs
C Passive -a alternation	y		(105) Buahe ento ajenga teken anake muani cenik ento. buah=e fruit=DEF ento that ajeng=a eat=PASS teken by anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that ‘The fruit was eaten by the boy.’ ★	45
C Passive ka- alternation	y		(150) Buahe ento kaajeng teken anake muani cenik ento. buah=e fruit=DEF ento that ka=ajeng PASS=eat teken by anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that ‘The fruit was eaten by the boy.’ ★	47
C Resultative ma- alternation	y		(198) Buahe ento suba maajeng. buah=e fruit=DEF ento that suba already ma=ajeng RES=eat ‘The fruit had been eaten.’ ★	21
C Causative with instrument causee	y	This is a kind of instrumental applicative, which uses causative morphology, however. The event is coded as a caused motion involving an instrument as a causee Theme.	(71) Anake muani cenik ento nglempagang tungked ke lelipine ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that nglempag=ang hit=CAUS tungked stick ke to lelipi=ne snake=DEF ento that ‘The boy hit the snake with a stick (lit. The boy hit the stick to /against the snake.).’ ★	5
C Causative with Theme causee	y	Contrary to the -in locative applicative that aligns a Ground expression with the Object, the -ang derivation aligns a Figure with the Object. This causative construction aligns with the Object the Theme Figure of a caused motion.	(70) Memene ngelutang panakne ke bapane. meme=ne mother=DEF ngelut=ang hug=CAUS panak=ne child=3POSS ke to bapa=ne father=DEF ‘The mother made the child hug the father.’ ★	10
C Locative alternation (oblique to object)	y	the former oblique argument becomes a direct object	(88) Anake muani ento nyemakin timpalne pipise ento. anak=e person=DEF muani male ento that nyemak=in take=LOC timpal=ne friend=3POSS pipis=e money=DEF ento that ‘The man took the money from his friend.’ ★	8
C Locative alternation (argument rearanging)	y	the former object becomes an oblique argument and the former oblique becomes an object	(93) Anake muani cenik ento ngentungin jendelane ento (aji) bola. anak=e person=DEF muani male cenik small ento that ngentung=in throw=LOC jendela=ne window=DEF ento that aji with bola ball ‘The boy threw the ball into the window.’ ★	3
C Locative alternation (argument adding)	y		(99) Ketut malaibin jaranne ento. Ketut Ketut malaib=in run=LOC jaran=ne horse=DEF ento that ‘Ketut runs from the horse.’ ★	2

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.