ʿalima (علم)

Coding frame

V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc

Examples

(207)

ʿAlimat albintu natāʾiǧa lʾimtiḥāni.

ʿalimat

know.PRF.3SG.F

al-bint-u

ART-girl.F-NOM

natāʾiǧ-a

result.F.PL-ACC

l-ʾimtiḥān-i

ART-exam.M-GEN

‘The girl knew the results of the exam.’

★

(175)

Taʿālama ʿumarun ʾamāma zaydin.

taʿālama

know.VI.SIM.PRF.3SG.M

ʿumar-un

Umar-NOM.IDEF

ʾamāma

in.front.of

zayd-in

Zayd-GEN.IDEF

‘Umar pretended to be clever in front of Zayd.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	KNOW	Coding set	Argument type
1	knower	V.subj NP-nom	A
2	known thing/person	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Clear filters

Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Examples
C Stem VIII Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Stem IV Causative more info	RRegularly	y	(173) ʾAʿlama ṣṣuḥūfiyu zamīlahu binatāʾiǧi lʾintiḫābāti. ‘The journalist informed his colleague about the results of the elections.’ ★
U Locative Alternation 1 more info	NNever	n
C Stem VI Reciprocal more info	NNever	y
C Stem VI Reflexive more info	NNever	y
U Prepositional (min 'from') / Accusative Object Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Stem II Causative more info	RRegularly	y	(172) ʿAllamat almarʾatu lbinta ʾuġniyatan. ‘The woman taught the girl a song.’ ★
C Stem V Anticausative more info	NNever	y
C Stem V Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Stem VI Passive more info	NNever	y
C Stem VII Passive more info	NNever	y
C Stem VIII Reciprocal more info	NNever	y
U Theme / Recipient Alternation - Prepositional (li+ 'to') / Accusative Object more info	NNever	n
U Locative Alternation 2 more info	NNever	n
C Stem X Causative more info	RRegularly	y	(176) Istaʿlama ṣṣuḥūfiyu min zamīlihi binatāʾiǧi lʾintiḫābāti. ‘The journalist informed his colleague about the results of the elections.’ ★
U Prepositional (bi+) / Accusative object Alternation more info	RRegularly	n	(208) ʿAlimat albitu binatāʾiǧi lʾimtiḥāni. ‘The girl knew the results of the exam.’ ★
C Stem VII Anticausative more info	NNever	y
C Stem VIII Anticausative more info	NNever	y
U Locative Alternation 3 more info	NNever	n
U Goal Alternation - Prepositional (ʾilâ+ 'to') / Accusative Object more info	NNever	n
U Object Omission Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Theme / Source Alternation - Prepositional (min+ 'from') Accusative Object more info	NNever	n
C Caused Motion Alternation more info	NNever	y
U Object Adding Alternation more info	NNever	n

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

ʿalima (علم)

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples