Examples of Modern Standard Arabic
Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) ملأ الرجل الكأس بماء Malaʾa rraǧulu lkaʾsa bimāʾin. malaʾa fill.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-kaʾs-a ART-glass.F-ACC bi-māʾ-in with-water.M-GEN.IDEF ‘The man filled the glass with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
1 |
(2) ملأ الرجل الكأس من ماء Malaʾa rraǧulu lkaʾsa min māʾin. malaʾa fill.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-kaʾs-a ART-glass.F-ACC min from māʾ-in water.M-GEN.IDEF ‘The man filled the glass with water.’ |
★ | FILL | the Verb form malaʾa | 2 |
(3) امتلأت الكأس ماءا Imtalaʾat alkaʾsu māʾan. imtalaʾat fill.VIII.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-kaʾs-u ART-glass.F-NOM māʾ-an water.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The glass filled up with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Anticausative |
3 |
(4) عرف الولد البنت ʿArifa lwaladu lbinta. ʿarifa know.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-bint-a ART-girl.F-ACC ‘The boy knew the girl.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
4 |
(5) ألا تخاف من الحرب؟ ʾAlā taḫāfu min alḥarbi? ʾa-lā Q-NEG taḫāfu fear.IPFV.2SG.M min from al-ḥarb-i ART-war.F-GEN ‘Aren't you afraid of the war?’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Prepositional (min 'from') / Accusative Object Alternation |
5 |
(6) ألا تخاف الموت مثلنا ʾAlā taḫāfu lmauta mit̠lanā? ʾa-lā Q-NEG taḫāfu fear.IPFV.2SG.M l-maut-a ART-death.M-ACC mit̠la-nā like-1PL ‘And you aren't afraid of death like us?’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
6 |
(7) أكل الولد التفاحة ʾAkala lwaladu ttuffāḥata. ʾakala eat.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM t-tuffāḥat-a ART-apple.F-ACC ‘The boy ate the apple.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
7 |
(8) نظر الرجل الى الولد Naẓara lwaladu ʾilâ rraǧuli. naẓara look.at.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ʾilâ to r-raǧul-i ART-man.M-GEN ‘The boy looked at the man.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom ʾilâ+2 |
8 |
(9) رأى الرجل الطفل Raʾâ rraǧulu ṭṭifla. raʾâ see.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ṭ-ṭifl-a ART-child.M-ACC ‘The man saw the child.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
9 |
(10) بحث الرجل عن الولد Baḥat̠a rraǧulu ʿan alwaladi. baḥat̠a search.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ʿan about al-walad-i ART-boy.M-GEN ‘The man searched for the boy.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom ʿan+2 |
10 |
(11) قتل الولد الحية بالعصا Qatala lwaladu lḥayyata bi-lʿaṣâi. qatala kill.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-ḥayyat-a ART-snake.F-ACC bi-l-ʿaṣâ-i with-ART-stick.F-GEN ‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
11 |
(12) قال الرجل لصديقه مرأتي في البيت Qāla rraǧulu liṣadīqihi: "marʾatī fī lbayti". qāla say.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM li-ṣadīq-i-hi for-friend.M-GEN-3SG.M marʾat-ī woman.F-1SG.NOM fī in l-bayt-i ART-house.M-GEN ‘The man said to his friend: "my wife is at home".’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom li+2 UTT3 |
12 |
(13) غسات البنت الطفل Ġasalat albintu ṭṭifla. ġasalat wash.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ṭ-ṭifl-a ART-child.M-ACC ‘The girl washed the child.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
13 |
(14) هل لقيت أمك صديقتها Hal laqiyat ʾummuka ṣadīqatahā? hal Q laqiyat meet.PRF.3SG.F ʾumm-u-ka mother.F-NOM-2SG.M ṣadīqat-a-hā friend.F-ACC-3SG.F ‘Did your mother meet her friend?’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
14 |
(15) حكى الولد للبنت حكاية Ḥakâ lwaladu lilbinti ḥikāyatan. ḥakâ tell.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM li-l-bint-i for-ART-girl.F-GEN ḥikāyat-an story.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy told the girl a story.’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom (li+2) 3-acc |
15 |
(16) حكى االولد على البنت حكاية Ḥakâ lwaladu ʿalâ lbinti ḥikāyatan. ḥakâ tell.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ʿalâ on l-bint-i ART-girl.F-GEN ḥikāyat-an story.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy told the girl a story.’ |
★ | TELL | the Verb form ḥakâ | 16 |
(17) مات الرجل في مستشفى Māta rraǧulu fī mustašfâ. māta die.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM fī in mustašfâ hospital.M.GEN.IDEF ‘The man died in a hospital.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
17 |
(18) سأل الولد أصدقاءه نقودا Saʾala lwaladu ʾaṣdiqāʾahu nuqūdan. saʾala ask.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ʾaṣdiqāʾ-a-hu friend.M.PL-ACC-3SG.M nuqūd-an money.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy asked his friends for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom (2-acc) 3-acc |
18 |
(19) صاحت الأم على أطفالها Ṣāḥat alʾummu ʿalâ ʾaṭfālihā. ṣāḥat shout.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ʿalâ on ʾaṭfāl-i-hā child.M.PL-GEN-3SG.F ‘The mother shouted at her children.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom (ʿalâ+2) |
19 |
(20) بنى أبي بيتا من الخشب Banâ ʾabī baytan min alḫašabi. banâ build.PRF.3SG.M ʾab-ī father.M-1SG.NOM bayt-an house.M-ACC.IDEF min from al-ḫašab-i ART-wood.M-GEN ‘My father built a house out of (the) wood.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (min+3) |
20 |
(21) ملأ الرجل الكس ماء Malaʾa rraǧulu lkaʾsa māʾan. malaʾa fill.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-kaʾs-a ART-glass.F-ACC māʾ-an water.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The man filled the glass with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Locative Alternation 1 |
21 |
(22) أكل الرجل الطفل جبزا ʾAkkala rraǧulu ṭṭifla ḫubzan. ʾakkala eat.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ṭ-ṭifl-a ART-child.M-ACC ḫubz-an bread.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The man fed the child with bread.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
22 |
(23) عانقت الأم طفلها ʿĀnaqat lʾummu ṭiflahā. ʿānaqat hug.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ṭifl-a-hā child.M-ACC-3SG.F ‘The mother hugged her child.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
23 |
(24) تعانقنا Taʿānaqnā. taʿānaqnā hug.VI.RECP.PRF.1PL ‘We hugged each other.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
24 |
(25) تناظرنا Tanāẓarnā. tanāẓarnā look.at.VI.RECP.PRF.1SG ‘We looked at each other.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
25 |
(26) لماذا لا تخرج وتريني نفسك؟ Limād̠ā lā taḫruǧu waturīnī nafsaka? li-mād̠ā for-what lā NEG taḫruǧu go.out.IPFV.2SG.M wa-turī-nī and-see.IV.CAUS.IPFV.2SG.M-1SG nafs-a-ka self-ACC-2SG.M ‘Why don't you go out and show me yourself?’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
26 |
(27) تراءى الولدان Tarāʾâ lwaladāni. tarāʾâ see.VI.RECP.3SG.M l-walad-āni ART-boy.M-DU.NOM ‘The two boys saw each other. / The two boys met each other.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
27 |
(28) تراءى لالناس فرحا Tarāʾâ linnāsi fariḥan. tarāʾâ show.VI.REFL.3.SG.M li-n-nās-i for-ART-people-GEN fariḥ-an happy-ACC.IDEF ‘He showed himself happy for the people./ He pretended to be happy to the people.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reflexive |
28 |
(29) أنزلق رأسي على كتفها وشممت رائحة السترة الصوفية البيضاء Inzalaqa raʾsī ʿalâ katifihā wašamamtu rāʾihata ssutrati ṣṣūfīyati lbayḍāʾ. inzalaqa slip.PRF.3SG.M raʾs-ī head.M-1SG.NOM ʿalâ on katif-i-hā shoulder.M-GEN-3SG.F wa-šamamtu and-smell.PRF.1SG rāʾihat-a smell.F-ACC s-sutrat-i ART-jacket.F-GEN ṣ-ṣūfīy-at-i ART-wool-F-GEN l-bayḍāʾ ART-white.F.GEN ‘My head slipped on her shoulder and I smelled the white woollen jacket.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
29 |
(30) شمم اللص الشرطي مخدرا Šammama lliṣṣu ššurṭiya muḫaddiran. šammama smell.lI.CAUS.3SG.M l-liṣṣ-u ART-thief.M-NOM š-šurṭiy-a ART-policeman.M-ACC muḫaddir-an drug.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The thief made the policeman smell the drug.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
30 |
(31) خوفت البنت الطفل Ḫawwafat albintu ṭṭifla. ḫawwafat fear.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ṭ-ṭifl-a ART-child.M-ACC ‘The girl scared the child.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
31 |
(32) أخاف البنت الطفل ʾaḫāfat albintu ṭṭifla. ʾaḫāfat fear.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ṭ-ṭifl-a ART-child.M-ACC ‘The girl frightened the child.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
32 |
(33) يحب الولد لعبته الجديدة Yuḥibbu lwaladu luʿbatahu lǧadīdata. yuḥibbu like.IV.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM luʿbat-a-hu play.F-ACC-3SG.M l-ǧadīd-at-a ART-new-F-ACC ‘The boy likes his new toy.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
33 |
(34) حبب الرجل بحديثه لإبنه السفر إلى الخارج Ḥabbaba rraǧulu biḥadīt̠ihi liʾibnihi ssafara ʾilâ lḫāriǧi. ḥabbaba like.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM bi-ḥadīt̠-i-hi with-narration.M-GEN-3SG.M li-ʾibn-i-hi for-son.M-GEN-3SG.M s-safar-a ART-trip.M-ACC ʾilâ to l-ḫāriǧ-i ART-abroad.M-GEN ‘With his narration the man made the trip abroad desirable for his son.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
34 |
(35) تحابوا في الله Taḥābbū fī llāhi! taḥābbū like.VI.RECP.IMP.2PL.M fī in l-lāh-i ART-God.M-GEN ‘Love each other because of God!’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
35 |
(36) عرف الرخل الشرط بما حدث ʿArrafa rraǧulu ššurṭata bimā ḥadat̠a. ʿarrafa know.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM š-šurṭat-a ART-police.F-ACC bi-mā with-what ḥadat̠a happen.PRF.3SG.M ‘The man informed the police about what has happened.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
36 |
(37) تعارف زيد وعمر Taʿārafa zaydun wa-ʿamrun. taʿārafa know.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M zayd-un Zayd-NOM.IDEF wa-ʿamr-un and-Amr-NOM.IDEF ‘Zaid and Amr got to know each other.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
37 |
(38) فكر الأم في أطفالها Fakkarat alʾummu fī ʾaṭfālihā. fakkara think.II.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM fī in ʾaṭfāl-i-hā child.M.PL-GEN-3SG.F ‘The mother thought about her children.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom fī+2 |
38 |
(39) البست البنت الطفل ʾalbasat albintu ṭṭifla. ʾalbasat dress.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ṭ-ṭifl-a ART-child.M-ACC ‘The girl dressed the child.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
39 |
(40) لبس الوبد الحقيقة على أبه Labbasa lwaladu lḥaqīqata ʿalâ ʾabihi. labbasa dress.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-ḥaqīqat-a ART-truth.F-ACC ʿalâ on ʾab-i-hi father.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘The boy hid the truth from his father (lit. The boy dressed (=covered) the truth from his father.).’ |
★ | DRESS | the Verb form ʾalbasa | 40 |
(41) تلبس به جن Talabbasa bihi ǧinnun. talabbasa dress.V.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.M bi-hi with-3SG.M ǧinn-un spirit.M-NOM.IDEF ‘He was possessed by a spirit.’ |
★ | DRESS | the Verb form ʾalbasa | 41 |
(42) تلبس لالسفر Talabbasa lissafari. talabbasa dress.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.M li-s-safar-i for-ART-trip.M-GEN ‘He dressed for the trip.’ |
★ | DRESS | the Verb form ʾalbasa | 42 |
(43) تآ كلت السيارة من الصدأ Taʾākalat assayyāratu min aṣṣadaʾi. taʾākalat eat.VI.PASS.PRF.3SG.F as-sayyārat-u ART-car.F-NOM min from aṣ-ṣadaʾ-i ART-rust.M-GEN ‘The car has been eaten away by rust.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Passive |
43 |
(44) تخوفت فرنسا من أزمة أقتصادية Taḫawwafat firansā min ʾazmatin ʾiqtiṣādīyatin. taḫawwafat frighten.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.F firansā France.F min from ʾazmat-in crisis.F-GEN.IDEF ʾiqtiṣādiy-at-in economical-F-GEN.IDEF ‘France feared an economic crisis.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Stem V Reflexive |
44 |
(45) تحبب الرئيس ألى شعبه في خطاته الآخر Taḥabbaba rraʾīsu ʾilâ šaʿabihi fī ḫiṭābihi lʾāḫiri. taḥabbaba make.like.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.M r-raʾīs-u ART-president.M-NOM ʾilâ to šaʿab-i-hi people.M-GEN-3SG.M fī in ḫiṭāb-i-hi speech.M-GEN-3SG.M l-ʾāḫir-i ART-last.M-GEN ‘The president made himself popular with his people through his last speech.’ |
★ | LIKE | the Verb form ʾaḥabba | 45 |
(46) تباحث الوزير الفلسطيني والوزير المصري إرتفاع العيار Tabāḥat̠a lwazīru lfilisṭīniyu walwazīru lmiṣriyu ʾirtifāʿa lʿasāri. tabāḥat̠a search.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-wazīr-u ART-minister.M-NOM l-filisṭīniy-u ART-palestinian.M-NOM wa-l-wazīr-u and-ART-minister.M-NOM l-miṣriy-u ART-egyptian.M-NOM ʾirtifāʿ-a raising.M-ACC l-ʿasār-i ART-price.M-GEN ‘The Palestinian and the Egyptian Prime Minister discussed the increase of prices.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR | the Verb form baḥat̠a | 46 |
(47) اغتسل الولد Iġtasala lwaladu. iġtasala wash.VIII.REFL.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ‘The boy washed (himself).’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reflexive |
47 |
(48) حلق الرجل لحيته Ḥalaqa rraǧulu liḥyatahu. ḥalaqa shave.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM liḥyat-a-hu beard.F-ACC-3SG.M ‘The man shaved his beard.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
48 |
(49) ساعد الرجل إبنه في عمله Sāʿada rraǧulu ʾibnahu fī ʿamalihi. sāʿada help.III.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ʾibn-a-hu son.M-ACC-3SG.M fī in ʿamal-i-hi work.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘The man helped his son with his work.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
49 |
(50) تبع الرجل البنت Tabiʿa rraǧulu lbinta. tabiʿa follow.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-bint-a ART-girl.F-ACC ‘The man followed the girl.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
50 |
(51) أتبع الشرطة مخبرا وراء الإرحابي ʾAtbaʿat aššurṭatu muḫbiran warāʾa lʾirhābiya. ʾatbaʿat follow.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F aš-šurṭat-u ART-police.F-NOM muḫbir-an detective.M-ACC.IDEF warāʾa after l-ʾirhābiy-a ART-terrorist.M-ACC ‘The police made a detective follow the terrorist.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
51 |
(52) تتابعت الأحداث بسرعة Tatābaʿat alʾaḥdāt̠u bisurʿatin. tatābaʿat follow.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾaḥdāt̠-u ART-event.M.PL-NOM bi-surʿat-in with-speed.F-GEN.IDEF ‘The events followed quickly one after another.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
52 |
(53) تكلم الرجل مع الولد عن البنت Takallama rraǧulu maʿa lwaladi ʿan albinti. takallama speak.V.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM maʿa with l-walad-i ART-boy.M-GEN ʿan about al-bint-i ART-girl.F-GEN ‘The man talked to the boy about the girl.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom maʿa+2 ʿan+3 |
53 |
(54) تكلم الرجل مع الولد على البنت Takallama rraǧulu maʿa lwaladi ʿalâ albinti. takallama speak.V.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM maʿa with l-walad-i ART-boy.M-GEN ʿalâ on al-bint-i ART-girl.F-GEN ‘The man talked to the boy about the girl.’ |
★ | TALK | the Verb form takallama | 54 |
(55) تساءل الرجل عما سيحدث له Tasāʾala rraǧulu ʿammā sayaḥdut̠u lahu. tasāʾala ask.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ʿammā after.what sa-yaḥdut̠u FUT-happen.IPFV.3SG.M la-hu for-3SG.M ‘The man asked himself what will happen to him.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reflexive |
55 |
(56) ساءلت الشرطة الرجل طيلة اليوم Sāʾalat aššurṭatu rraǧula ṭīlata alyawmi. sāʾalat ask.III.REP.PRF.3SG.F aš-šurṭat-u ART-police.F-NOM r-raǧul-a ART-man.M-ACC ṭīlat-a all.F-ACC l-yawm-i ART-day.M-GEN ‘The police interrogated the man all day long.’ |
★ | ASK FOR | the Verb form saʾala | 56 |
(57) تلاقى عمر وصديقه في مقهى Talāqâ ʿumarun wa-ṣadīquhu fī maqhâ. talāqâ meet.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M ʿumar-un Umar-NOM.IDEF wa-ṣadīq-u-hu and-friend.M-NOM-3SG.M fī in maqhâ cafeteria.M.GEN.IDEF ‘Umar and his friend met in a cafeteria.’ |
★ | MEET | the Verb form laqiya | 57 |
(58) سمت الأم طفلها محد Sammat alʾummu ṭiflahā muḥammadan. sammat name.II.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ṭifl-a-hā child.M-ACC-3SG.F muḥammad-an Muhammad-ACC.IDEF ‘The mother named her child Muhammad.’ |
★ | NAME |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc 3-acc |
58 |
(59) تسمى محد Tasammâ muḥammadun. tasammâ name.V.PASS.PRF.3SG.M muḥammad-un Muhammad-NOM.IDEF ‘He was named Muhammad.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
Stem V Anticausative |
59 |
(60) إنبنى المنزل على أساس ضعيف ʾInbanâ lmanzil-u ʿalâ ʾasāsin ḍaʿīfin. ʾinbanâ build.VII.PASS.PRF.3SG.M l-manzil-u ART-house.M-NOM ʿalâ on ʾasās-in basement.M-GEN.IDEF ḍaʿīf-in weak-GEN.IDEF ‘The house was built on weak foundations.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
60 |
(61) كسر الولد النافذة بالحجر Kasara lwaladu nnāfid̠ata bilḥaǧari. kasara break.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM n-nāfid̠at-a ART-window.F-ACC bi-l-ḥaǧar-i with-ART-stone.M-GEN ‘The boy broke the window with the stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
61 |
(62) غسلت الأم إبنها Ġassalat alʾummu ʾibnahā. ġassalat wash.II.INT.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ʾibn-a-hā son.M-ACC-3SG.F ‘The mother washed her son thoroughly.’ |
★ | WASH | the Verb form ġasala | 62 |
(63) صيحت الأم جيرانها على السارق Ṣayyaḥat alʾummu ǧīrānahā ʿalâ ssāriqi. ṣayyaḥat shout.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ǧīrān-a-hā neighbour.M-ACC-3SG.F ʿalâ on s-sāriq-i ART-thief.M-GEN ‘The mother let her neighbour shout at the thief.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
63 |
(64) كسر الولد الكأس Kassara lwaladu lkaʾsa. kassara break.II.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-kaʾs-a ART-glass.F-ACC ‘The boy broke the glass in pieces.’ |
★ | BREAK | the Verb form kasara | 64 |
(65) تكسرت الكأس Takassarat alkaʾsu. takassarat break.into.pieces.V.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-kaʾs-u ART-glass.F-NOM ‘The glass broke into pieces.’ |
★ | BREAK | the Verb form kasara | 65 |
(66) انكسرت الكأس Inkasara-t lkaʾsu. inkasarat break.VII.PASS/ACAUS.PRF.3SG.F l-kaʾs-u ART-glass.F-NOM ‘The glass was broken. / The glass broke.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
66 |
(67) اعتنق عمر وصديقه Iʿtanaqa ʿamrun waṣadīquhu. iʿtanaqa hug.VIII.RECP.PRF.3SG.M ʿamr-un Amr-NOM.IDEF wa-ṣadīq-u-hu and-friend.M-NOM-3SG.M ‘Amr and his friend hugged each other.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reciprocal |
67 |
(68) قتل الملك شعبه Qattala lmaliku šaʿabahu. qattala kill.II.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-malik-u ART-king.M-NOM šaʿab-a-hu people.M-ACC-3SG.M ‘The king slaughtered his people.’ |
★ | KILL | the Verb form qatala | 68 |
(69) قاتل أعداءه Qātala ʾaʿdāʾahu. qātala kill.III.REP.PRF.3SG.M ʾaʿdāʾ-a-hu rival.M.PL-ACC-3SG.M ‘He fought against his rivals.’ |
★ | KILL | the Verb form qatala | 69 |
(70) تقاتل مع أعداءه Taqātala maʿa ʾaʿdāʾihi. taqātala kill.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M maʿa with ʾaʿdāʾ-i-hi rival.M.PL-GEN-3SG.M ‘He fought his rivals (and they fought him).’ |
★ | KILL | the Verb form qatala | 70 |
(71) اقتتل مع أعداءه Iqtatala maʿa ʾaʿdāʾihi. iqtatala kill.VIII.RECP.PRF.3SG.M maʿa with ʾaʿdāʾ-i-hi rival.M.PL-GEN-3SG.M ‘He fought/killed his rivals (and they fought him). / He fought with his rivals.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reciprocal |
71 |
(72) ضرب الولد الحية بالعصى Ḍaraba lwaladu lḥayyata bilʿaṣâi. ḍaraba beat.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-ḥayyat-a ART-snake.F-ACC bi-l-ʿaṣâ-i with-ART-stick.F-GEN ‘The boy beat the snake with the stick .’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
72 |
(73) تضارب المتلاكمان خارج حلبة الصراع Taḍāraba lmutalākimāni ḫāriǧa ḥalabati ṣṣirāʿi. taḍāraba beat.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-mutalākim-āni ART-boxer.M-DU.NOM ḫāriǧ-a outside.M-ACC ḥalabat-i arena.F-GEN ṣ-ṣirāʿ-i ART-battle.M-GEN ‘The boxers beat each other outside of the battle arena.’ |
★ | BEAT | the Verb form ḍaraba | 73 |
(74) لطم الولد البنت بيده على وجهها Laṭama lwaladu lbinta biyadihi ʿalâ waǧhihā. laṭama hit.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-bint-a ART-girl.F-ACC bi-yad-i-hi with-hand.F-GEN-3SG.M ʿalâ on waǧh-i-hā face.M-GEN-3SG.F ‘The boy hit the girl with his hand on her face.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
74 |
(75) تلاطم الولدان Talāṭama lwaladāni. talāṭama hit.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-āni ART-boy.M-DU.NOM ‘The two boys hit each other.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
75 |
(76) التطمت السفينة بالأمواج Iltaṭamat assafīnatu bilʾamwāǧi. iltaṭamat hit.VIII.RECP.PRF.3SG.F as-safīnat-u ART-ship.F-NOM bi-l-ʾamwāǧ-i with-ART-wave.F.PL-GEN ‘The ship collided with the waves.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reciprocal |
76 |
(77) لمس الولد الحية بالعصا Lamasa lwaladu lḥayyata bilʿaṣâi. lamasa touch.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-ḥayyat-a ART-snake.F-ACC bi-l-ʿaṣâ-i with-ART-stick.F-GEN ‘The boy touched the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
77 |
(78) تلامست أياديكم Talāmasat ʾayādīkum. talāmasat touch.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.F ʾayādī-kum hand.F.PL-2PL.M ‘Your hands touched (each other).’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
78 |
(79) تلمس الرجل طريقه في ظلام Talammasa rraǧulu ṭarīqahu fī ẓẓalāmi. talammasa touch.V.GRA.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ṭarīq-a-hu way.M-ACC-3SG.M fī in ẓ-ẓalām-i ART-darkness.M-GEN ‘The man groped his way in the dark.’ |
★ | TOUCH | the Verb form lamasa | 79 |
(80) قطع الولد الخبز بالسكين Qaṭaʿa lwaladu lḫubza bissikkīni. qaṭaʿa cut.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-ḫubz-a ART-bread.M-ACC bi-s-sikkīn-i with-ART-knife.M-GEN ‘The boy cut the bread with the knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
80 |
(81) قطع الطفل يده بسكين Qaṭṭaʿa ṭṭiflu yadahu bissikkīni. qaṭṭaʿa cut.II.INT.PRF.3SG.M ṭ-ṭifl-u ART-child.M-NOM yad-a-hu hand.F-ACC-3SG.M bi-s-sikkīn-i with-ART-knife.M-GEN ‘The child cut into his hand deeply with the knife.’ |
★ | CUT | the Verb form qaṭaʿa | 81 |
(82) قطعت أمي بصلا االشربة Qaṭṭaʿat ʾummī baṣalan liššurbati. qaṭṭaʿat cut.II.INT.PRF.3SG.F ʾumm-ī mother.F-1SG.NOM baṣal-an onion.F.PL-ACC.IDEF li-š-šurbat-i for-ART-soup.F-GEN ‘My mother cut onions for the soup.’ |
★ | CUT | the Verb form qaṭaʿa | 82 |
(83) تقطعت بصل Taqaṭṭaʿat baṣalun. taqaṭṭaʿat cut.in.pieces.V.PASS.PRF.3SG.F baṣal-un onion.F.PL-NOM.IDEF ‘Onion has been cut (into pieces).’ |
★ | CUT | the Verb form qaṭaʿa | 83 |
(84) نزعت البنت الصبحة من الكتاب Nazaʿat albintu ṣṣafḥata min alkitābi. nazaʿat tear.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ṣ-ṣafḥat-a ART-page.F-ACC min from al-kitāb-i ART-book.M-GEN ‘The girl tore the page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (min+3) |
84 |
(85) أخفت البنت الكتاب على المعلم ʾAḫfat albintu lkitāba ʿalâ lmuʿallimi. ʾaḫfat hide.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC ʿalâ on l-muʿallim-i ART-teacher.M-GEN ‘The girl hid the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc ʿalâ+3 |
85 |
(86) أعطت البنت الكتاب لالمعلم ʾAʿṭat albintu lkitāba lilmuʿallimi. ʾaʿṭat give.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC li-l-muʿallim-i for-ART-teacher.M-GEN ‘The girl gave the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom (li+2) 3-acc |
86 |
(87) أعطت البنت المعلم الكتاب ʾAʿṭat albintu lmuʿallima lkitāba. ʾaʿṭat give.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM l-muʿallim-a ART-teacher.M-ACC l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC ‘The girl gave the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Theme / Recipient Alternation - Prepositional (li+ 'to') / Accusative Object |
87 |
(88) أرت البنت الكتاب لالمعلم ʾArat albintu lkitāba lilmuʿallimi. ʾarat see.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC li-l-muʿallim-i for-ART-teacher.M-GEN ‘The girl showed the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
88 |
(89) أرسل البنت الكتاب إلى المعلم ʾArsalat albintu lkitāba ʾilâ lmuʿallimi. ʾarsala.t send.IV.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC ʾilâ to l-muʿallim-i ART-teacher.M-GEN ‘The girl sent the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (ʾilâ+3) |
89 |
(90) تراسل الولد وصديقته سرا Tarāsala lwaladu waṣṣadīqatahu siran. tarāsala correspond.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM wa-ṣ-ṣadīqat-a-hu and-ART-friend.F-ACC-3SG.M sir-an secret.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy and his girlfriend were corresponding with each other secretly.’ |
★ | SEND | the Verb form ʾarsala | 90 |
(91) حمل أبي أمتعاتي إلى السيرة Ḥamala ʾabī ʾamtiʿātī ʾilâ ssayyārati. ḥamala carry.PRF.3SG.M ʾab-ī father.M-1SG.NOM ʾamtiʿāt-ī luggage.F.PL-1SG.ACC ʾilâ to s-sayyārat-i ART-car.F-GEN ‘My father carried my luggage to the car.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (ʾilâ+3) |
91 |
(92) حمل الرجل القش على الجمل Ḥammala rraǧulu lqišša ʿalâ lǧamali. ḥammala carry.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-qišš-a ART-hay.M-ACC ʿalâ on l-ǧamal-i ART-camel.M-GEN ‘The man loaded the hay on the camel.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
92 |
(93) حمل الرجل الجمل بالقش Ḥammala rraǧulu lǧamala bilqišši. ḥammala carry.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-ǧamal-a ART-camel.M-ACC bi-l-qišš-i with-ART-hay.M-GEN ‘The man loaded the camel with hay.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
93 |
(94) على صديقه أن يتحمل النفقات ʿAlâ ṣadīqī ʾan yataḥammala nnafaqāti. ʿalâ on ṣadīq-i-hi friend.M-GEN-3SG.M ʾan CONJ yataḥammala load.V.ACAUS.SUBJ.3SG.M n-nafaqāti ART-expense.F.PL.ACC ‘His friend has to carry the expenses (lit. It is on his friend, that he carries the expenses.).’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Stem V Anticausative |
94 |
(95) شحن الرحل العرب بالقش Šaḥana rraǧulu lʿarabata bilqišši. šaḥana load.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-ʿarabat-a ART-truck.F-ACC bi-l-qišš-i with-ART-hay.M-GEN ‘The man loaded the truck with hay.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
95 |
(96) شحن الرجل القش على العرب Šaḥana rraǧulu lqišša ʿalâ lʿarabati. šaḥana load.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-qišš-a ART-hay.M-ACC ʿalâ on l-ʿarabat-i ART-truck.F-GEN ‘The man loaded the truck with hay.’ |
★ | LOAD | the Verb form šaḥana | 96 |
(97) شحن الرجل العربة قشا Šaḥana rraǧulu lʿarabata qiššan. šaḥana load.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-ʿarabat-a ART-truck.F-ACC qišš-an hay.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The man loaded the truck with hay.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Locative Alternation 1 |
97 |
(98) رمى الومد النافذة بحجر Ramâ lwaladu nnāfid̠ata biḥaǧarin. ramā throw.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM n-nāfid̠at-a ART-window.F-ACC bi-ḥaǧar-in with-stone.M-GEN.IDEF ‘The boy threw a stone into the window.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Locative Alternation 2 |
98 |
(99) رمى الوبد حجرا على النافذة Ramâ lwaladu ḥaǧaran ʿalâ nnāfid̠ati. ramā throw.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥaǧar-an stone.M-ACC.IDEF ʿalâ on n-nāfid̠at-i ART-window.F-GEN ‘The boy threw a stone into the window.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc LOC3 |
99 |
(100) رمى الولد بحجر على النافذة Ramâ lwaladu biḥaǧarin ʿalâ nnāfid̠ati. ramā throw.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-ḥaǧar-in with-stone.M-GEN.IDEF ʿalâ on n-nāfid̠at-i ART-window.F-GEN ‘The boy threw a stone into the window.’ |
★ | THROW | the Verb form ramâ | 100 |
(101) ترامى المتظاهرون والشرطة بالأحجار Tarāmâ lmutaẓāhirūna waššurṭatu bilʾaḥaǧāri. tarāmâ throw.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-mutaẓāhir-ūna ART-protester.M-PL.NOM wa-š-šurṭat-u and-ART-police.F-NOM bi-l-ʾaḥaǧār-i with-ART-stone.M.PL-GEN ‘The protesters and the police threw stones at each other.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
101 |
(102) إرتمى الإبن في ذراعي أمه Irtamâ lʾibnu fī d̠arāʿay ʾummihi. irtamâ throw.VIII.REFL.PRF.3SG.M l-ʾibn-u ART-son.M-NOM fī in d̠arāʿ-ay arm.M-DU.GEN ʾumm-i-hi mother.F-GEN-3SG.M ‘The son threw himself into the arms of his mother.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reflexive |
102 |
(103) ربط الرجل الحسان إلى الشجرة بالحبل Rabaṭa rraǧulu lḥisāna ʾilâ ššaǧarati biḥablin. rabaṭa tie.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-ḥisān-a ART-horse.M-ACC ʾilâ to š-šaǧarat-i ART-tree.F-GEN bi-ḥabl-in with-rope.M-GEN.IDEF ‘The man tied the horse to the tree with a rope.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (ʾilâ+3) (bi+4) |
103 |
(104) هل ارتبطت المظاهرات في العراق بالإنتخابات Hal irtabaṭat almuẓāharātu fī lʿirāq bilʾintiḫābāti? hal Q irtabaṭa.t tie.VIII.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-muẓāharāt-u ART-demonstration.F.PL-NOM fī in l-ʿirāq-i ART-Iraq-GEN bi-l-ʾintiḫābāt-i with-ART-election.F.PL-GEN ‘Were the demonstrations in Iraq related to the elections? (= Were the demonstrations triggered by the elections?)?’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Anticausative |
104 |
(105) يرتبط الفرق والأمية في مصر Yartabiṭu lfaqru walʾummīyatu fī miṣri. yartabiṭu tie.VIII.RECP.IPFV.3SG.M l-faqr-u ART-povertry.M-NOM wa-l-ʾummīyat-u and-ART-illiteracy.F-NOM fī in miṣr-i Egypt-GEN ‘The poverty and illiteracy in Egypt are related (to each other).’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reciprocal |
105 |
(106) Waḍaʿa rraǧulu lkitāba ʿalā ṭṭāwilati. waḍaʿa put.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC ʿalâ on ṭ-ṭāwilat-i ART-table.F-GEN ‘The man put the book on the table.’ |
★ | PUT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc LOC3 |
106 |
(107) صب الرجل ماء في الكأس Ṣabba rraǧulu māʾan fī lkaʾsi. ṣabba pour.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM māʾ-an water.M-ACC.IDEF fī in l-kaʾs-i ART-glass.F-GEN ‘The man poured water into the glass.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc LOC3 |
107 |
(108) انصب ماء في الكأس Inṣabba lmāʾu fī lkaʾsi. inṣabba pour.VII.PASS.PRF.3SG.M l-māʾ-u ART-water.M-NOM fī in l-kaʾs-i ART-glass.F-GEN ‘The water was poured into the glass.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
108 |
(109) تصبب العرق من جنبه Taṣabbaba lʿarqu min ǧanbihi. taṣabbaba pour.V.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-ʿarq-u ART-sveat.M-NOM min from ǧanb-i-hi forehead.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘The sweat dripped from his forehead.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Stem V Anticausative |
109 |
(110) غطى الرجل الطفل بالغطاء Ġaṭṭā rraǧulu ṭṭifla bilġiṭāʾi. ġaṭṭā cover.II.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ṭ-ṭifl-a ART-child.M-ACC bi-l-ġiṭāʾ-i with-ART-blanket.M-GEN ‘The man covered the child with the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
110 |
(111) تغطا الطفل بالغطاء Taġaṭṭā ṭṭiflu bilġiṭāʾi. taġaṭṭā cover.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.M ṭ-ṭifl-u ART-child.M-NOM bi-l-ġiṭāʾ-i with-ART-blanket.M-GEN ‘The child covered itself with the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Stem V Reflexive |
111 |
(112) رمشت البنت Ramašat albintu. ramašat blink.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ‘The girl blinked.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
112 |
(113) سعل الرجل Saʿala rraǧulu. saʿala cough.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ‘The man coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
113 |
(114) تسلق الولد الشجرة Tasallaqa lwaladu ššaǧarata. tasallaqa climb.V.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM š-šaǧarat-a ART-tree.F-ACC ‘The boy climbed up the tree.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
114 |
(115) جرى الولد الخائف إلى البيت Ǧarâ lwaladu lḫāʾifu ʾilâ lbayti. ǧarâ run.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-ḫāʾif-u ART-frightened.M-NOM ʾilâ to l-bayt-i ART-house.M-GEN ‘The frightened boy ran into the house.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
115 |
(116) جراه إلى البيت Ǧarrāhu ʾilâ lbayti. ǧarrā-hu run.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M-3SG.M ʾilâ to l-bayt-i ART-house.M-GEN ‘He let him run to/into the house.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
116 |
(117) أجرت الحكومة المصرية إنتخابات جديدة ʾAǧrat lḥukūmatu lmiṣrīyatu ʾintiḫābātin ǧadīdatan. ʾaǧrat run.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F l-ḥukūmat-u ART-government.F-NOM l-miṣrīyat-u ART-egyptian.F-NOM ʾintiḫābātin election.F.PL.ACC.IDEF ǧadīd-at-an new-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The Egyptian government ran new elections.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
117 |
(118) جلس في مقهى مع صديقه Ǧalasa fī maqhâ maʿa ṣadīqihi. ǧalasa sit.PRF.3SG.M fī in maqhâ cafeteria.M.GEN.IDEF maʿa with ṣadīq-i-hi friend.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘He sat (down) in a cafe with his friend.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom (LOC2) |
118 |
(119) أجلس ضيوفه على مقائد ʾaǧlasa ḍuyūfahu fī ʿalâ mqāʾid-i. ʾaǧlasa sit.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M ḍuyūf-a-hu guest.M.PL-ACC-3SG.M ʿalâ on maqāʾid-i chair.M.PL-GEN ‘He let his guests sit on chairs.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
119 |
(120) قفز الطفل من الشجرة إلى الأرض Qafaza ṭṭiflu min aššaǧarati ʿalâ lʾarḍi. qafaza jump.PRF.3SG.M ṭ-ṭifl-u ART-child.M-NOM min from aš-šaǧarat-i ART-tree.F-GEN ʿalâ on l-ʾarḍ-i ART-ground.F-GEN ‘The child jumped from the tree to the ground.’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
120 |
(121) غنت الأم Ġannat alʾummu. ġannat sing.II.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ‘The mother sang.’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
121 |
(122) غنت الأم أغنية لالطفلها Ġannat alʾummu ʾuġniyata liṭṭiflihā. ġannat sing.II.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ʾuġniyat-an song.F-ACC.IDEF li-ṭ-ṭifl-i-hā for-ART-child.M-GEN-3SG.F ‘The mother sang a song for her child.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Object Adding Alternation |
122 |
(123) ذهب الولد إلى السوق D̠ahaba lwaladu ʾilâ ssūqi. d̠ahaba go.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ʾilâ to s-sūq-i ART-market.M-GEN ‘The boy went to the market.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom ʾilâ+2 |
123 |
(124) أذهبت ال أم لاولد إلى السوق ʾAd̠habat alʾummu lwalada ʾilâ ssūqi. ʾad̠habat go.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM l-walad-a ART-boy.M-ACC ʾilâ to s-sūq-i ART-market.M-GEN ‘The mother made the boy go to the market.’ |
★ | GO |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
124 |
(125) غادر الولد البيت Ġādara lwaladu lbayta. ġādara leave.III.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-bayt-a ART-house.M-ACC ‘The boy left the house.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
125 |
(126) غادر القطار إلى العاسمة Ġādara lwaladu ʾilâ lʿāsimati. ġādara leave.III.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ʾilâ to l-ʿāsimat-i ART-capital.F-GEN ‘The boy has gone to the capital.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom ʾilâ+2 |
126 |
(127) عاشت صديقتي في القاهرة سنة ʿāšat ṣadīqatī fī lqāhira sanatan. ʿāšat live.PRF.3SG.F ṣadīqat-ī friend.F-1SG.NOM fī in l-qāhirat-i ART-Qairo.F-GEN sanat-an year.F-ACC.IDEF ‘My girlfriend lived in Qairo for a year.’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom fī+2 |
127 |
(128) عيش صديقه على نفقاته ʿayyaša ṣadīqahu ʿalâ nafaqātihi. ʿayyaša live.II.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M ṣadīq-a-hu friend.M-ACC-3SG.M ʿalâ on nafaqāt-i-hi expense.F.PL-GEN-3SG.M ‘He let his friend live at his expense.’ |
★ | LIVE |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
128 |
(129) تعايش المسلمون والمسيحسيون في مصر Taʿāyaša lmuslimūna walmasīḥiyūna fī miṣri. taʿāyaša live.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-muslim-ūna ART-muslim.M-PL.NOM wa-l-masīḥiy-ūna and-ART-christ.M-PL.NOM fī in miṣr-i Egypt-GEN ‘The Muslims and Christians lived together in Egypt.’ |
★ | LIVE | the Verb form ʿāša | 129 |
(130) ضحك الطفل عليك Ḍaḥika ṭṭiflu ʿalayka. ḍaḥika laugh.PRF.3SG.M ṭ-ṭifl-u ART-child.M-NOM ʿalay-ka on-2SG.M ‘The child laughed about you.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
130 |
(131) ضحك الطفل منك Ḍaḥika ṭṭiflu minka. ḍaḥika laugh.PRF.3SG.M ṭ-ṭifl-u ART-child.M-NOM min-ka from-2SG.M ‘The child laughed about you.’ |
★ | LAUGH | the Verb form ḍaḥika | 131 |
(132) ضحكه بحديثه Ḍaḥḥakahu biḥadīt̠ihi. ḍaḥḥaka-hu laugh.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.M-3SG.M bi-ḥadīt̠-i-hi with-narration.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘He made him laugh a lot with his talk.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
132 |
(133) أضحكه بحديثه ʾAḍḥḥakahu biḥadīt̠ihi. ʾaḍḥḥaka-hu laugh.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M-3SG.M bi-ḥadīt̠-i-hi with-narration.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘He made him laugh with his talk.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
133 |
(134) تضاحك الأطفال من معلمهم Taḍāḥaka lʾaṭfālu min almuʿallimihim. taḍāḥaka laugh.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-ʾaṭfāl-u ART-child.M.PL-NOM min from al-muʿallim-i-him ART-teacher.M-GEN-3PL.M ‘The children laughed about their teacher together.’ |
★ | LAUGH | the Verb form ḍaḥika | 134 |
(135) استضحكه صديقه Istaḍḥakahu ṣadīquhu. istaḍḥaka-hu laugh.X.CAUS.PRF-3SG.M ṣadīq-u-hu friend.M-NOM-3SG.M ‘His friend made him laugh (against his will).’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Stem X Causative |
135 |
(136) صرخت البنت من الخوف Ṣaraḫat albintu min alḫawfi. ṣaraḫat scream.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM min from al-ḫawf-i ART-fear.M-GEN ‘The girl cried because of fear.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
136 |
(137) في تلك السنة أمطرت في أيلول Fī tilka ssanati ʾamṭarat fī ʾaylūlin. fī in tilka that.SG.F s-sanat-i ART-year.F-GEN ʾamṭarat rain.IV.PRF.3SG.F fī in ʾaylūl-in September-GEN.IDEF ‘That year it rained in September.’ |
★ | RAIN | the Verb form ʾamṭarat | 137 |
(138) امطرت السماء ʾAmṭarat assamāʾu. ʾamṭarat rain.IV.PRF.3SG.F as-samāʾ-u ART-sky.F-NOM ‘It rained (lit. The sky rained.).’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
138 |
(139) يغلي الماء Yaġlī almāʾu. yaġlī boil.IPFV.3SG.M al-māʾ-u ART-water.M-NOM ‘The water boils.’ |
★ | BOIL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
139 |
(140) تغلي الأم ماءا لالشاي Tuġlī lʾummu māʾan liššāy. tuġlī boil.IV.CAUS.IPFV.3SG.F l-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM māʾ-an water.M-ACC.IDEF li-š-šāy for-ART-tea.M.GEN ‘The mother boils water for tea.’ |
★ | BOIL |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
140 |
(141) يتألم من يده Yataʾallamu min yadihi. yataʾallamu hurt.V.ACAUS.IPFV.3SG.M min from yad-i-hi hand.F-GEN-3SG.M ‘He feels pain in his hand (= his hand hurts).’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom min+2 |
141 |
(142) تؤلم الولد يده Tuʾlimu lwalada yaduhu. tuʾlimu hurt.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-a ART-boy.M-ACC yad-u-hu hand.F-NOM-3SG.M ‘The boy's hand hurts. lit. 'The hand causes the boy to hurt'.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN | the Verb form taʾallama | 142 |
(143) ألمت المرة ولدها بالكلماتها ʾAllamat almarʾatu lwalada bikalimātihā. ʾallamat hurt.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.F al-marʾat-u ART-woman.F-NOM l-walad-a ART-boy.M-ACC bi-kalimāt-i-hā with-word.F.PL-GEN-3SG.F ‘The woman hurt the boy with her words.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN | the Verb form taʾallama | 143 |
(144) شعر بالبرد Šaʿara bilbardi. šaʿara feel.PRF.3SG.M bi-l-bard-i with-ART-cold.M-GEN ‘He was cold. (= he felt cold).’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
144 |
(145) موت الرجل اللص Mawwata rraǧulu lliṣṣa. mawwata die.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-liṣṣ-a ART-thief.M-ACC ‘The man killed the thief.’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
145 |
(146) أمات الرجل اللص ʾAmāta rraǧulu lliṣṣa. ʾamāta die.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM l-liṣṣ-a ART-thief.M-ACC ‘The man killed the thief.’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
146 |
(147) تماوت اللص أمام الشرطة Tamāwata lliṣṣu ʾamāma ššurṭati. tamāwata die.VI.SIM.PRF.3SG.M l-liṣṣ-u ART-thief.M-NOM ʾamāma in.front.of š-šurṭat-i ART-police.F-GEN ‘The thief pretended to be dead in front of the police.’ |
★ | DIE | the Verb form māta | 147 |
(148) لعبت البنت مع أخيها Laʿabat albintu maʿa ʾaḫīhā. laʿabat play.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM maʿa with ʾaḫ-ī-hā brother.M-GEN-3SG.F ‘The girl played with her brother.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
148 |
(149) تلاعب الرئيس المصري تنبائج الإنتخابات Talāʿaba rraʾīsu lmiṣriyu binaāʾiǧi alʾintiḫābāti. talāʿaba play.VI.SIM.PRF.3SG.M r-raʾīs-u ART-president.M-NOM l-miṣriy-u ART-egyptian.M-NOM bi-natāʾiǧ-i with-result.F.PL-GEN l-ʾintiḫābāt-i ART-election.F.PL-GEN ‘The Egyptian president manipulated the results of the election.’ |
★ | PLAY | the Verb form laʿaba | 149 |
(150) أنا حزين ʾAnā ḥazīnun. ʾanā 1SG ḥazīn-un sad-NOM.IDEF ‘I am sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
150 |
(151) أنا جائع ʾAnā ǧāʾiʿun. ʾanā 1SG ǧāʾiʿ-un hungry-NOM.IDEF ‘I'm hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
151 |
(152) تدحرجت الكرة على الأرض Tadaḥraǧat alkurratu ʿalâ lʾarḍi. tadaḥraǧat roll.II.PRF.3SG.F al-kurrat-u ART-ball.F-NOM ʿalâ on l-ʾarḍ-i ART-ground.F-GEN ‘The ball rolled on the ground.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
152 |
(153) غرقت السفينة في المحيط Ġariqat assafīnatu fī lmuḥṭīṭi. ġariqat sink.PRF.3SG.F as-safīnat-u ART-ship.F-NOM fī in l-muḥīṭ-i ART-ocean.M-GEN ‘The ship sank into the ocean.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
153 |
(154) غرق الجيش سفينة العدو Ġarraqa lǧayšu safīnata lʿaduwi. ġarraqa sink.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-ǧayš-u ART-army.M-NOM safīnat-a ship.F-ACC l-ʿaduw-i ART-enemy.M-GEN ‘The army sank the ship of the enemy.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
154 |
(155) أغرق الجيش يفينة العدو ʾaġraqa lǧayšu safīnata lʿaduwi. ʾaġraqa sink.IV.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-ǧayš-u ART-army.M-NOM safīnat-a ship.F-ACC l-ʿaduw-i ART-enemy.M-GEN ‘The army sank the ship of the enemy.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
155 |
(156) تحترق الدار Taḥtariqu ddāru. taḥtariqu burn.VIII.ACAUS.IPFV.3SG.F d-dār-u ART-house.F-NOM ‘The house is burning.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
156 |
(157) حرق الجيش سفينة العدو Ḥarraqa lǧayšu safīnata lʿaduwi. ḥarraqa burn.II.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-ǧayš-u ART-army.M-NOM safīnat-a ship.F-ACC l-ʿaduw-i ART-enemy.M-GEN ‘The army burned the ship of the enemy. (intensive).’ |
★ | BURN | the Verb form iḥtaraqa | 157 |
(158) تحرق خوفا من العدو Taḥarraqa ḫawfan min alʿaduwi. taḥarraqa burn.VIII.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.M ḫawf-an fear.M-ACC.IDEF min from al-ʿaduw-i ART-enemy.M-GEN ‘He was burning with fear of the enemy.’ |
★ | BURN | the Verb form iḥtaraqa | 158 |
(159) طحن النساء البذرة بالمدقة Ṭaḥanat annisāʾu lbud̠ūra bilmidaqati. ṭaḥanat grind.PRF.3SG.F an-nisāʾ-u ART-women.F.PL-NOM l-bud̠ūr-a ART-seed.M.PL-ACC bi-l-midaqat-i with-ART-pestle.F-GEN ‘The women ground the seeds with the pestle.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3) |
159 |
(160) ميسحت البنت الوسح من الطاولة Masaḥat albintu lwasḥa ʿan aṭṭāwilati. masaḥat wipe.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM l-wasḥ-a ART-dirt.M-ACC ʿan about aṭ-ṭāwilat-i ART-table.F-GEN ‘The girl wiped the dirt from the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (ʿan+3) |
160 |
(161) مسحت البنت يدسها بالمنديل Massaḥat albintu yadayhā fī lmindīli. massaḥat wipe.INT.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM yad-ay-hā hand.F-DU.ACC-3SG.F bi-l-mindīl-i with-ART-handkerchief.M-GEN ‘The girl (strongly) wiped her hands with the handkerchief.’ |
★ | WIPE | the Verb form masaḥa | 161 |
(162) تمسح الكلب على الشجر Tamassaḥa lkalbu ʿalâ ššaǧarati. tamassaḥa wipe.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.M l-kalb-u ART-dog.M-NOM ʿalâ on š-šaǧarat-i ART-tree.F-GEN ‘The dog rubbed against the tree.’ |
★ | WIPE | the Verb form masaḥa | 162 |
(163) ينبش الوبد حفرة Yanbašu lwaladu ḥafratan. yanbašu dig.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥafrat-an trench.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy digs a trench.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Object Adding Alternation |
163 |
(164) يحفر الولد حفرة بحث عن الذهب Yaḥfaru lwaladu ḥafratan baḥt̠an ʿan ald̠ahabi. yaḥfaru dig.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥafrat-an trench.F-ACC.IDEF baḥt̠-an search.VN-ACC.IDEF ʿan about al-d̠ahab-i ART-gold.M-GEN ‘The boy digs a trench (searching) for gold.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Object Adding Alternation |
164 |
(165) انحفر الحفرة Inḥafarat alḥafratu. inḥafarat dig.VII.PASS.PRF.3SG.F al-ḥafrat-u ART-trench.F-NOM ‘The trench was excavated.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
165 |
(166) دحر الولد البنت في البكرة Daḥara lwaladu lbinta fī lburkati. daḥara push.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-bint-a ART-girl.F-ACC fī in l-burkat-i ART-lake.F-GEN ‘The boy pushed the girl into the lake.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc LOC3 |
166 |
(167) تداحر المسافرون عند باب الطائرة Tadāḥara lmusāfirūna ʿinda bābi ṭṭāʾirati. tadāḥara push.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-musāfir-ūna ART-passenger.M-PL.NOM ʿinda at bāb-i door.M-GEN ṭ-ṭāʾirat-i ART-plane.F-GEN ‘The travelers have been jostling at the door of the aircraft (= push each other).’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Stem VI Reciprocal |
167 |
(168) اندحر الجيش من بغداد Indaḥara lǧayšu min baġdādi. indaḥara push.VII.PASS.PRF.3SG.M l-ǧayš-u ART-army.M-NOM min from baġdād-i Bagdad-GEN ‘The army was pushed out of Baghdad.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
168 |
(169) أحضرت البنت الكتاب إلى المعلم ʾaḥḍarat albintu lkitāba ʾilâ lmuʿallimi. ʾaḥḍarat come.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC ʾilâ to l-muʿallim-i ART-teacher.M-GEN ‘The girl brought the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (ʾilâ+3) |
169 |
(170) سرق الاص النقود من المرأة Saraqa lliṣṣu nnuqūda min almarʾati. saraqa steal.PRF.3SG.M l-liṣṣ-u ART-thief.M-NOM n-nuqūd-a ART-money.F-ACC min from al-marʾat-i ART-woman.F-GEN ‘The thief stole the money from the woman.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (min+3) |
170 |
(171) انسرقت النقود Insaraqat annuqūdu. insaraqat steal.VII.PASS.PRF.3SG.F an-nuqūd-u ART-money.F-NOM ‘The money was stolen.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
171 |
(172) علم المرأة البنت أغنية ʿAllamat almarʾatu lbinta ʾuġniyatan. ʿallamat know.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.F al-marʾat-u ART-woman.F-NOM l-bint-a ART-girl.F-ACC ʾuġniyat-an song.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The woman taught the girl a song.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
172 |
(173) أعلم الصحوبي زميله بنتائج الأنتخابات ʾAʿlama ṣṣuḥūfiyu zamīlahu binatāʾiǧi lʾintiḫābāti. ʾaʿlama know.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M ṣ-ṣuḥūfiy-u ART-journalist.M-NOM zamīl-a-hu colleague.M-ACC-3SG.M bi-natāʾiǧ-i with-result.F.PL-GEN l-ʾintiḫābāt-i ART-election.F.PL-GEN ‘The journalist informed his colleague about the results of the elections.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
173 |
(174) تعلم الطالب الدرس من الكتاب Taʿallama ṭṭālibu ddarsa min alkitābi. taʿallama teach.V.PASS.PRF.3SG.M ṭ-ṭālib-u ART-student.M-NOM d-dars-a ART-lesson.M-ACC min from al-kitāb-i ART-book.M-GEN ‘The student learned the lesson from the book.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Stem V Reflexive |
174 |
(175) تعالم عمر أمام زيد Taʿālama ʿumarun ʾamāma zaydin. taʿālama know.VI.SIM.PRF.3SG.M ʿumar-un Umar-NOM.IDEF ʾamāma in.front.of zayd-in Zayd-GEN.IDEF ‘Umar pretended to be clever in front of Zayd.’ |
★ | KNOW | the Verb form ʿalima | 175 |
(176) استعلم الصحوفي من زميله بنتائج الأنتخابات Istaʿlama ṣṣuḥūfiyu min zamīlihi binatāʾiǧi lʾintiḫābāti. istaʿlama know.X.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M ṣ-ṣuḥūfiy-u ART-journalist.M-NOM min from zamīl-i-hi colleague.M-GEN-3SG.M bi-natāʾiǧ-i with-result.F.PL-GEN l-ʾintiḫābāt-i ART-election.F.PL-GEN ‘The journalist informed his colleague about the results of the elections.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Stem X Causative |
176 |
(177) سمع الولد أغنية أمه Samiʿa lwaladu ʾuġniyata ʾummihi. samiʿa hear.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ʾuġniyat-a song.F-ACC ʾumm-i-hi mother.F-GEN-3SG.M ‘The boy heard the song of his mother.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
177 |
(178) سمع الولد البنت أغنية Sammaʿa lwaladu lbinta ʾuġniyatan. sammaʿa hear.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-bint-a ART-girl.F-ACC ʾuġniyat-an song.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy made the girl listen to a song.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
178 |
(179) أسمع الوبد البنت أغنية ʾasmaʿa lwaladu lbinta ʾuġniyatan. ʾasmaʿa hear.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-bint-a ART-girl.F-ACC ʾuġniyat-an song.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy let the girl listen to a song.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
179 |
(180) طبحت الأم طعاما لذيذا Ṭabaḫat alʾummu ṭaʿāman lad̠īd̠an. ṭabaḫat cook.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM ṭaʿām-an meal.M-ACC.IDEF lad̠īd̠-an delicious-ACC.IDEF ‘The mother cooked a delicious meal.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
180 |
(181) بكت البنت من الألم Bakat albintu min alʾalami. bakat cry.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM min from al-ʾalam-i ART-pain.M-GEN ‘The girl was crying in pain.’ |
★ | CRY |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
181 |
(182) أبكى صديقه ʾAbkâ ṣadīqahu. ʾabkâ cry.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M ṣadīq-a-hu friend.M-ACC-3SG.M ‘He made his friend cry.’ |
★ | CRY |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
182 |
(183) تباكى أمام أليه Tabākâ ʾamāma ʾabīhi. tabākâ cry.VI.SIM.PRF.3SG.M ʾamāma in.front.of ʾab-ī-hi father.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘He feigned crying in front of his father.’ |
★ | CRY | the Verb form bakâ | 183 |
(184) سقط الولد من الجدار Saqaṭa lwaladu min alǧidāri. saqaṭa fall.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM min from al-ǧidār-i ART-wall.M-GEN ‘The boy fell from the wall.’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
184 |
(185) أسقط الولد الكتاب من الطاولة ʾAsaqaṭa lwaladu lkitāba min aṭṭāwilati. ʾasaqaṭa fall.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC min from aṭ-ṭāwilat-i ART-table.F-GEN ‘The boy let the book fall from the table.’ |
★ | FALL |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
185 |
(186) أراد صديقي السفر إلى الخارج ʾArāda ṣadīqī ssafara ʾilâ lḫāriǧi. ʾarāda want.IV.PRF.3SG.M ṣadīq-ī friend.M-1SG.NOM s-safar-a ART-trip.M-ACC ʾilâ to l-ḫāriǧ-i ART-abroad.M-GEN ‘My friend wants to go abroad (lit. My friend wants the trip to abroad.).’ |
★ | WANT |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
186 |
(187) أظهر بطاقته ʾAẓhara biṭāqatahu. ʾaẓhara appear.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M biṭāqat-a-hu identity.card.F-ACC-3SG.M ‘He showed his identity card.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
an Alternation:
Stem IV Causative |
187 |
(188) تظاهر أنه مجنون Taẓāhara ʾannahu maǧnūnun. taẓāhara appear.VI.SIM.PRF.3SG.M ʾanna-hu CONJ-3SG.M maǧnūn-un mad.M-NOM.IDEF ‘He pretended to be mad.’ |
★ | APPEAR | the Verb form ẓahara | 188 |
(189) صنع الورد طاولة من الحشب Ṣanaʿa lwaladu ṭāwilatan min alḫašabi. ṣanaʿa make.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ṭāwilat-an table.F-ACC.IDEF min from al-ḫašab-i ART-wood.M-GEN ‘The boy made a table out of the wood.’ |
★ | MAKE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (min+3) |
189 |
(190) صنت الشركة هواتفا نقالة Ṣannaʿat ššarikatu hawātifan naqālatan. ṣannaʿat make.II.INT.PRF.3SG.F š-šarikat-u ART-company.F-NOM hawātif-an telephone.M.PL-ACC.IDEF naqālat-an portable.F-ACC.IDEF ‘The company produced cell phones.’ |
★ | MAKE | the Verb form ṣanaʿa | 190 |
(191) حصل البنت على كتاب من أمها Ḥaṣalat albintu ʿalâ kitābin min ʾummihā. ḥaṣalat recieve.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ʿalâ on kitāb-in book.M-GEN.IDEF min from ʾumm-i-hā mother.F-GEN-3SG.F ‘The girl got a book from her mother.’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom ʿalâ+2 min+3 |
191 |
(192) حصل الكاتب جوازا كثيرتا Ḥaṣṣala lkātibu ǧawāzan kat̠īratan. ḥaṣṣala recieve.II.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-kātib-u ART-writer.M-NOM ǧawāz-an award.F.PL-ACC.IDEF kat̠īr-at-an many-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The writer collected many awards.’ |
★ | GET | the Verb form ḥaṣala | 192 |
(193) تحصل بقعة من المطر Taḥaṣṣala buqʿatun min almaṭari. taḥaṣṣala receive.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.F buqʿat-un pool.F-NOM.IDEF min from al-maṭar-i ART-rain.M-GEN ‘A pool arose out of rain.’ |
★ | GET | the Verb form ḥaṣala | 193 |
(194) أخذ الولد الكتاب منصديقه ʾaḫad̠a lwaladu lkitāba min ṣadīqihi. ʾaḫad̠a take.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC min from ṣadīq-i-hi friend.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘The boy took the book from his friend.’ |
★ | TAKE |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (min+3) |
194 |
(195) نزع المعلم الولد ورقة من كتابه Nazzaʿa lmuʿallimu lwalada waraqatan min kitābihi. nazzaʿa tear.II.CAUS.INT.PRF.3SG.M l-muʿallim-u ART-teacher.M-NOM l-walad-a ART-boy.M-ACC waraqat-an sheet.F-ACC.IDEF min from kitāb-i-hi book.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘The teacher made the boy tear out a page from his book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Stem II Causative |
195 |
(196) قشر الولد البرتقالة Qaššara lwaladu lburtuqālata. qaššara peel.II.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-burtuqālat-a ART-orange.F-ACC ‘The boy was peeling the orange.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
196 |
(197) قشر الولد قسورا من السمكة Qaššara lwaladu qušūran min assamakati. qaššara peel.II.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM qušūr-an scale.M.PL-ACC.IDEF min from as-samakat-i ART-fish.F-GEN ‘The boy peeled some scales off the fish.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Locative Alternation 3 |
197 |
(198) يتقشر جلده من الجفاف Yataqaššaru ǧilduhu min alǧifāfi. yataqaššaru peel.V.REFL.IPFV.3SG.M ǧild-u-hu skin.M-NOM-3SG.M min from al-ǧifāf-i ART-dryness.M-GEN ‘His skin peels off because of the dryness.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Stem V Anticausative |
198 |
(199) بخفى اللص وراء خدار Taḫaffâ lliṣṣu warāʾa ǧidārin. taḫaffâ hide.V.REFL.PRF.3SG.M l-liṣṣ-u ART-thief.M-NOM warāʾa after ǧidār-in wall.M-GEN.IDEF ‘The thief hid behind a wall.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Stem V Reflexive |
199 |
(200) تختفى صديقي فترة طويلة Iḫtafâ ṣadīqī fatratan ṭawīlatan. iḫtafâ hide.VIII.ACAUS/REFL.PRF.3SG.M ṣadīq-ī friend.M-1SG.NOM fatrat-an time.F-ACC.IDEF ṭawīl-at-an long-F-ACC.IDEF ‘My friend disappeared for a long time. / My friend is hidden for a long time. / My friend hides himself for a long time.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reflexive |
200 |
(201) استصرخ زيد عمرا Istaṣraḫa zaydun ʿamran. istaṣraḫa scream.X.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M zayd-un Zayd-NOM.IDEF ʿamr-an 'Amr-ACC.IDEF ‘Zaid shouted " 'Amr". / Zaid called 'Amr to help.’ |
★ | SCREAM | the Verb form ṣaraḫa | 201 |
(202) حلق الرجل Ḥalaqa rraǧulu. ḥalaqa shave.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ‘The man shaved.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Object Omission Alternation |
202 |
(203) قال الرجل كلمة جميلة Qāla rraǧulu kalimatan ǧamīlatan. qāla say.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM kalimat-an word.F-ACC.IDEF ǧamīl-at-an nice-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The man said a nice word.’ |
★ | SAY | the Verb form qāla | 203 |
(204) ظهر رجل غريب في الباب Ẓ̣ahara raǧulun ġarībun fī lbābi. ẓahara appear.PRF.3SG.M raǧul-un man.M-NOM.IDEF ġarīb-un strange-NOM.IDEF fī in l-bāb-i ART-door.M-GEN ‘A strange man appeared in the door.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
204 |
(205) انقطع بصل ʾInqaṭaʿat baṣalun. ʾinqaṭaʿat cut.VII.PASS.3SG.F baṣal-un onion.F.PL-NOM.IDEF ‘Onion has been cut.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
205 |
(206) أرى المعلم الأطفال الكتاب ʾArâ lmuʿallimu lʾaṭfāla lkitāba. ʾarâ see.IV.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-muʿallim-u ART-teacher.M-NOM l-ʾaṭfāl-a ART-child.M.PL-ACC l-kitāb-a ART-book.M-ACC ‘The teacher showed the book to the children.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Theme / Recipient Alternation - Prepositional (li+ 'to') / Accusative Object |
206 |
(207) علم البنت النتاءج الامتحان ʿAlimat albintu natāʾiǧa lʾimtiḥāni. ʿalimat know.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM natāʾiǧ-a result.F.PL-ACC l-ʾimtiḥān-i ART-exam.M-GEN ‘The girl knew the results of the exam.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc |
207 |
(208) علم البنت بنتاءج الامتحان ʿAlimat albitu binatāʾiǧi lʾimtiḥāni. ʿalimat know.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM bi-natāʾiǧ-i with-result.F.PL-GEN l-ʾimtiḥān-i ART-exam.M-GEN ‘The girl knew the results of the exam.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Prepositional (bi+) / Accusative object Alternation |
208 |
(209) سمع الولد بالاغنية Samiʿa lwaladu bilʾuġniyati. samiʿa hear.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-l-ʾuġniyat-i with-ART-song.F-GEN ‘The boy heard about the song.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Prepositional (bi+) / Accusative object Alternation |
209 |
(210) عرف الولد بالبنت ʿArifa lwaladu bilbinti. ʿarifa know.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-l-bint-i with-ART-girl.F-GEN ‘The boy knew about the girl.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Prepositional (bi+) / Accusative object Alternation |
210 |
(211) استتبع الشرطي المتظاهر Istatbaʿa ššurṭiyu lmutaẓāhira. istatbaʿa follow.X.CAUS.PRF.3SG.M š-šurṭiy-u ART-policeman.M-NOM l-mutaẓāhir-a ART-protester.M-ACC ‘The policeman requested the protester to follow him.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Stem X Causative |
211 |
(212) تقاتل الجنود Taqātala lǧunūdu. taqātala kill.VI.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-ǧunūd-u ART-soldier.M.PL-NOM ‘The soldiers fought each other.’ |
★ | KILL | the Verb form qatala | 212 |
(213) انقطعت الحبل Inqaṭaʿa lḥablu. inqaṭaʿa cut.VII.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-ḥabl-u ART-rope.M-NOM ‘The rope tore.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Anticausative |
213 |
(214) انسصب الماء Inṣabba lmāʾu ʿalâ lʾarḍi. inṣabba pour.VII.ACAUS.PRF.3SG.M l-māʾ-u ART-water.M-NOM ʿalâ on l-ʾarḍ-i ART-ground.F-GEN ‘The water poured on the ground.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Anticausative |
214 |
(215) اضطرب الأمواج Iḍṭarabat alʾamwāǧu. iḍṭarabat hit.VIII.RECP.3SG.F al-ʾamwāǧ-u ART-wave.F.PL-NOM ‘The waves crushed.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reciprocal |
215 |
(216) التقى الولدان Iltaqâ lwaladāni. iltaqâ meet.VIII.RECP.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-āni ART-boy.M-DU.NOM ‘The two boys met.’ |
★ | MEET |
an Alternation:
Stem VIII Reciprocal |
216 |
(217) انطبجت الشربة بسرعة Inṭabaḫat aššurbatu bisurʿatin. inṭabaḫat cook.VII.PASS.3SG.F aš-šurbat-u ART-soup.F-NOM bi-surʿat-in with-speed.F-GEN.IDEF ‘The soup was cooked quickly.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Stem VII Passive |
217 |
(218) أكل الولد ʾAkala l-walad-u. ʾakala eat.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ‘The boy ate.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Object Omission Alternation |
218 |
(219) يحفر الولد Yaḥfaru lwaladu. yaḥfaru dig.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ‘The boy digs.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
219 |
(220) ينبش الولد Yanbašu lwaladu. yanbašu dig.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ‘The boy digs.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
220 |
(221) ينبش الولد حفرة بحثا عن خاتمه Yanbašu lwaladu ḥafratan baḥt̠an ʿan ḫātimihi. yanbašu dig.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥafrat-an trench.F-ACC.IDEF baḥt̠-an search.VN-ACC.IDEF ʿan about ḫātim-i-hi ring.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘The boy dug (by hand) a ditch, looking for his ring.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Object Adding Alternation |
221 |
(222) سرق الرجل أمام عيوننا Saraqa rraǧulu ʾamāma ʿuyūninā. saraqa steal.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM ʾamāma in.front.of ʿuyūn-i-nā eye.F.PL-GEN-1PL ‘The man stole in front of our eyes.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Object Omission Alternation |
222 |
(223) طبخت الأم كل اليوم Ṭabaḫat alʾummu kulla lyawmi. ṭabaḫat cook.PRF.3SG.F al-ʾumm-u ART-mother.F-NOM kull-a all-ACC l-yawm-i ART-day.M-GEN ‘The mother cooked all day.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Object Omission Alternation |
223 |
(224) سرق اللس المرأة Saraqa lliṣṣu lmarʾata. saraqa steal.PRF.3SG.M l-liṣṣ-u ART-thief.M-NOM l-marʾat-a ART-woman.F-ACC ‘The thief stole from the women.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Theme / Source Alternation - Prepositional (min+ 'from') Accusative Object |
224 |
(225) سرق الاس من المرأة Saraqa lliṣṣu min almarʾati. saraqa steal.PRF.3SG.M l-liṣṣ-u ART-thief.M-NOM min from al-marʾat-i ART-woman.F-GEN ‘The thief stole from the woman.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Theme / Source Alternation - Prepositional (min+ 'from') Accusative Object |
225 |
(226) شعر الولد بالبرد Šaʿara lwaladu bilbardi. šaʿara feel.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-l-bard-i with-ART-cold.M-GEN ‘The boy felt cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom |
226 |
(227) الولد صياد Alwaladu ṣayyādun. al-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ṣayyād-un hunter.M-NOM.IDEF ‘The boy is a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
227 |
(228) كان الولد صيادا Kāna lwaladu ṣayyādan. kāna be.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ṣayyād-an hunter.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy was a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
228 |
(229) سيكون الولد صيادا Sayakūnu lwaladu ṣayyādan. sa-yakūnu FUT-be.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ṣayyād-an hunter.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy will be a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
229 |
(230) ليس الولد صيادا Laysa lwaladu ṣayyādan. laysa be.NEG.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ṣayyād-an hunter.M-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy is not a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
230 |
(231) الولد جائع Alwaladu ǧāʾiʿun. al-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ǧāʾiʿ-un hungry-NOM.IDEF ‘The boy is hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
231 |
(232) كان الولد جائعا Kāna lwaladu ǧāʾiʿan. kāna be.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ǧāʾiʿ-an hungry-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy was hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY | the Verb form ǧāʾiʿun | 232 |
(233) سيكن الولد جائعا Sayakūnu lwaladu ǧāʾiʿan. sa-yakūnu FUT-be.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ǧāʾiʿ-an hungry-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy will be hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY | the Verb form ǧāʾiʿun | 233 |
(234) ليست البنت جائعتا Laysat albintu ǧāʾiʿatan. laysat be.NEG.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ǧāʾiʿ-at-an hungry-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The girl is not hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY | the Verb form ǧāʾiʿun | 234 |
(235) الملابس جافة Almalābisu ǧāffatun. al-malābis-u ART-dress.F.PL-NOM ǧāff-at-un dry-F-NOM.IDEF ‘The clothes are dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
235 |
(236) كانت الملابس جافتا Kānat lmalābisu ǧāffatan. kānat be.PRF.3SG.F l-malābis-u ART-dress.F.PL-NOM ǧāff-at-an dry-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The clothes were dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
236 |
(237) ستكون الملابس جافتا Satakūnu lmalābisu ǧāffatan. sa-takūnu FUT-be.IPFV.3SG.F l-malābis-u ART-dress.F.PL-NOM ǧāff-at-an dry-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The clothes will be dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
237 |
(238) ليست الملابس جافتا Laysat almalābisu ǧāffatan. laysat be.NEG.3SG.F al-malābis-u ART-dress.F.PL-NOM ǧāff-at-an dry-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The clothes are not dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
238 |
(239) الولد حزين Alwaladu ḥazīnun. al-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥazīn-un sad-NOM.IDEF ‘The boy is sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
239 |
(240) كان الولد حزينا Kāna lwaladu ḥazīnan. kāna be.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥazīn-an sad-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy was sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
240 |
(241) سيكون الولد حزينا Sayakūnu lwaladu ḥazīnan. sa-yakūnu FUT-be.IPFV.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥazīn-an sad-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy will be sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
241 |
(242) ليس الولد حزينا Laysa lwaladu ḥazīnan. laysa be.NEG.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ḥazīn-an sad-ACC.IDEF ‘The boy is not sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
242 |
(243) البنت مريضة Albintu marīḍatun. al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM marīḍ-at-un sick-F-NOM.IDEF ‘The girl is sick.’ |
★ | BE ILL |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
243 |
(244) كانت البنت مريضتا Kānat albintu marīḍatan. kānat be.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM marīḍ-at-an sick-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The girl was sick.’ |
★ | BE ILL |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
244 |
(245) ستكون البنت مريضتا Satakūnu lbintu marīḍatan. sa-takūnu FUT-be.IPFV.3SG.F l-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM marīḍ-at-an sick-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The girl will be sick.’ |
★ | BE ILL |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
245 |
(246) ليست البنت مريضتا Laysat albintu marīḍatan. laysat be.NEG.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM marīḍ-at-an sick-F-ACC.IDEF ‘The girl is not sick.’ |
★ | BE ILL |
a Coding frame:
V 1-nom |
246 |
(247) جاء الولد بالكتاب إلى البنت Ǧāʾa lwaladu bilkitābi ʾilâ lbinti. ǧāʾa come.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-l-kitāb-i with-ART-book.M-GEN ʾilâ to l-bint-i ART-girl.F-GEN ‘The boy brought the book to the girl.’ |
★ | COME (2) |
an Alternation:
Caused Motion Alternation |
247 |
(248) جاء الولد إلى البنت Ǧāʾa lwaladu ʾilâ lbinti. ǧāʾa come.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM ʾilâ to l-bint-i ART-girl.F-GEN ‘The boy came to the girl.’ |
★ | COME (2) |
a Coding frame:
V.subj[1] 1-nom ʾilâ+2 |
248 |
(249) جاء الوبد البيت Ǧāʾa lwaladu lbayta. ǧāʾa come.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM l-bayt-a ART-house.M-ACC ‘The boy came to the house.’ |
★ | COME (2) |
an Alternation:
Goal Alternation - Prepositional (ʾilâ+ 'to') / Accusative Object |
249 |
(250) ذهب الولد بالكتاب إلى البنت D̠ahaba lwaladu bilkitābi ʾilâ lbinti. d̠ahaba go.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-l-kitāb-i with-ART-book.M-GEN ʾilâ to l-bint-i ART-girl.F-GEN ‘The boy brought the book to the girl. / The boy went with the book to the girl.’ |
★ | GO |
an Alternation:
Caused Motion Alternation |
250 |
(251) جرى الولد بالكتاب إلى البنت Ǧarâ lwaladu bilkitābi ʾilâ lbinti. ǧarâ run.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-l-kitāb-i with-ART-book.M-GEN ʾilâ to l-bint-i ART-girl.F-GEN ‘The boy brought the book to the girl. / The boy run with the book to the girl.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Caused Motion Alternation |
251 |
(252) قال اللجل لصديقه إنه مريض Qāla rraǧulu liṣadīqihi ʾinnahu marīḍun. qāla say.PRF.3SG.M r-raǧul-u ART-man.M-NOM li-ṣadīq-i-hi for-friend.M-GEN-3SG.M ʾinna-hu CONJ-3SG.M marīḍ-un sick-NOM.IDEF ‘The man told to his friend, that he is ill.’ |
★ | SAY | the Verb form qāla | 252 |
(253) غادر الولد من البيت Ġādara lwaladu min albayti. ġādara leave.III.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM min-al-bayt-i from-ART-house.M-GEN ‘The boy left the house.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
an Alternation:
Prepositional (min 'from') / Accusative Object Alternation |
253 |
(254) خافت البنت Ḫāfat albintu. ḫāfat fear.PRF.3SG.F al-bint-u ART-girl.F-NOM ‘The girl was afraid.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Object Omission Alternation |
254 |
(255) Ǧāʾa lwaladu bi-māʾin ʾilâ ʾaḫīhi. ǧāʾa come.PRF.3SG.M l-walad-u ART-boy.M-NOM bi-māʾ-in with-water.M-GEN.IDEF ʾilâ to ʾaḫ-ī-hi brother.M-GEN-3SG.M ‘The boy brought his brother water. /lit. The boy came with water to his brother.’ |
★ | COME (2) |
an Alternation:
Caused Motion Alternation |
255 |