arpa-re (SG) / paye-re (PL)

Coding frame

1 2+(e)un 3 subj[1].obj[3].V

Complex Verb form

Example

(33)

Seta oyakata eun arpare.

seta

dog

oyakata

master

eun

DAT

arpa-re

go.SG-CAUS

‘(He instructed us to) send him to the dog master.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	SEND	Coding set	Argument type
1	sender	subj.V	A
2	sending recipient	NP+(e)un	X
3	sent thing	obj.V	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Noun incorporation more info	MMarginally		y		(34) Ora suy mosirkarkamuy eun, sonkopayere hawe ene an hi. ‘Then they send the following message to the world-creator god.’ ★
C Dative applicative ko- more info	RRegularly		y		(281) Okikurmi turesihi tumokorkamui remokorkamui chikopayere. ‘We send two or three sleepiness gods on Okikurumi's younger sister.’ ★
C Instrumental applicative e- more info	–No data		y
C Locative applicative o- more info	RRegularly		y		(282) Shisoya kotan Shisoya moshir aioarpare katu ne rok oka. ‘I was sent to a hornet village, to a hornet land.’ ★
C Object-oriented reciprocal more info	NNever		y
C Reflexive more info	NNever		y
C Subject-oriented reciprocal more info	–No data		y
C Anticausative more info	NNever		y
C Antipassive more info	NNever		y
C Direct causative more info	NNever		y