kot-e

Coding frame

1 2 LOC3 subj[1].obj[2].V

Complex Verb form

Example

Suma itese ka akote.

itese

weave

ka

thread

a=kot-é

IND.A=tie-CAUS

suma

stone

ré-he

name-POSS

pit

pit.stone

‘The name of stone tied to the weaving thread is "pit".’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TIE	Coding set	Argument type
1	tier	subj.V	A
2	tying goal	obj.V	P
3	tied thing	LOC	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Anticausative more info	NNever		y
C Antipassive more info	NNever		y
C Instrumental applicative e- more info	–No data		y
C Noun incorporation more info	RRegularly		y		(5) Cikuni kotca ta seta asirkote wa an. ‘The dog is tied in front of the tree.’ ★ (6) Toan cikuni or un sirkote. ‘Tie (it) to the tree.’ ★ (7) Tar ari rekuci ansirkote hine. ‘(Since I cut his throat I could not carry him on my back, so) I tied his throat with a rope and (dragged him).’ ★
C Dative applicative ko- more info	–No data		y
C Locative applicative o- more info	–No data		y
C Object-oriented reciprocal more info	–No data		y
C Reflexive more info	–No data		y
C Subject-oriented reciprocal more info	–No data		y
C Direct causative more info	NNever		y