uta

Coding frame

1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(330)

Shito uta kor okai okkayo utar menoko utar Panampe orun inkar wa mina kane okai.

sito

dumpling

uta

grind

kor

and

okay

exist.PL

okkayo

man

utar

menoko

women

utar

Panampe

place

ALL

inkar

look

and

mina

laugh

kane

and.so.on

okay

exist.PL

‘Men and women (who) were pounding dumplings looked at Panampe and laughed.’

★

(152)

Poro nitne kamuy sapa kasi un iyutani okkayo hacir rok awa.

poro

big

nitne

fierce

kamuy

god

sapa

head.POSS

kas-i

top-POSS

ALL

i-y-uta-ni

APASS-EP-grind-tree

okkayo

man

hácir

fall

rok

PERF.PL

awa

and

‘The pestle men fell on the head of the big fierce god.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	GRIND	Coding set	Argument type
1	grinder	subj.V	A
2	ground thing	obj.V	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Clear filters

Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Examples
C Anticausative more info	NNever	y
C Dative applicative ko- more info	–No data	y
C Antipassive more info	RRegularly	y	(331) Kaparamip mi kane wa iyuta kor an. ‘He/She is wearing embroidered ceremonial clothing.’ ★
C Direct causative more info	NNever	y
C Instrumental applicative e- more info	–No data	y
C Locative applicative o- more info	–No data	y
C Noun incorporation more info	–No data	y
C Object-oriented reciprocal more info	–No data	y
C Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Subject-oriented reciprocal more info	NNever	y

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

uta

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples