Alternation ‘Instrumental applicative e-’ (Coded)

Prefix e-. Valency-increasing (S=A). Can generally be defined as instrumental e-, but the actual referential range of the respective constructions stretches over several semantic roles and the exact role is attributed to the interaction between the semantics of the prefix and verb. The important functions of the applicative prefix e- are as follows (Bugaeva 2011): e- 1. Content, 2. Location, 3. Instrument, 4. Theme, 5. Cause/Purpose, 6. Other (Comitative: Co-agent, Manner, Beneficiary, Path).

Verb Meaning Verb form Basic coding frame Derived coding frame Occurs Comment # Ex.